Abstract:

In recent years, superhydrophobic coatings have drawn extensive attention in the anti-corrosion and anti-scaling fields. Taking the fundamentals of superhydrophobic surface as the starting point, this paper briefly introduced the Young model, Wenzel model and Cassie-Baxter model. Through comprehensive analysis, two essential requirements for the preparation of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces are obtained: nano-micro hierarchical structures and low surface energy. Then, the anti-corrosion and anti-scaling mechanisms of superhydrophobic coating are expounded in detail: ① the air layer trapped by the special nano-microstructures can effectively isolate the corrosive medium and affect the growth morphology of scaling; and ② the extremely low surface energy can greatly reduce the adhesion strength of corrosion and scaling ions. On this basis, the research progress of superhydrophobic coatings in anti-corrosion and anti-scaling fields in recent years is reviewed, and the principles and advantages of various research results are summarized. Moreover, the problems faced by superhydrophobic coatings in practical applications, including complex preparation methods, poor mechanical durability and insufficient chemical stability, are further pointed out. Finally, the future development direction of superhydrophobic coatings is prospected from the selection of coating materials and the improvement of the preparation process and the evaluation system, etc.

Key words: superhydrophobic, coating, anti-corrosion, anti-scaling

摘要：

近年来，超疏水涂层在防腐阻垢领域的研究应用受到了广泛的关注。本文以超疏水表面的基本原理为切入点，简单介绍了Young模型、Wenzel模型和Cassie­Baxter模型，通过综合分析得出了制备人工超疏水表面的两个关键条件——纳微多级结构和低表面能。随后又详细地阐述了超疏水涂层防腐阻垢的相关机理：①特殊纳微结构截留的空气层可以有效地隔绝腐蚀环境并且影响结垢的生长形态；②极低的表面能可以极大降低腐蚀介质和结垢离子的黏附强度。在此基础上，综述了近年来超疏水涂层在防腐阻垢领域的研究进展，针对各项研究成果的原理及其优势进行了总结，并进一步指出了超疏水涂层在实际应用中所面临的问题，包括制备方法复杂、机械耐久性差、化学稳定性不足等。最后，从涂层材料的选取、制备工艺的改进、评价体系的完善等方面对超疏水涂层未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 超疏水, 涂层, 防腐蚀, 阻垢