Research progress on co-processing of bio-oil and vacuum gas oil to produce gasoline and diesel in FCC units

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1501

Abstract

Abstract:

Bio-gasoline and diesel products can be made from agricultural and forestry wastes, algae and other biomass raw materials through thermochemical and hydro-cracking conversion. They can partially replace fossil fuels due to the sustainable and renewable features, which has attracted wide attention in the past decades. The production cost of gasoline and diesel products obtained from bio-refinery is relatively high, and how to reduce its production cost is still a hot research topic. Because bio-refinery and crude oil refinery both have hydrotreating and cracking units, and bio-oil and vacuum gas oil (VGO) have the similar physical and chemical properties, the co-processing of bio-oil and VGO in FCC units is proposed. This paper focuses on the study of the co-processing and related simulation studies, introduces the co-processing, the source of biomass, the preparation method of bio-oil, and the co-refining mechanism, summarizes the influence of the co-refining ratio, the current status of its technological scaling up as well as the influence of the oxygen content of the bio-oil on the product, and explains its process optimization and evaluation in combination with simulation studies. The problems and future developments are also discussed. From the conclusion, it is clear that co-processing is a green technology with technical feasibility and economic viability.

Key words: biomass, bio-oil, vacuum gas oil, co-processing, simulation, optimization

摘要：

将农林废弃物、藻类等生物质原料通过热化学转化和加氢裂化后可以制成生物汽柴油产品，因其具有可持续性和可再生性，可部分代替化石燃料。生物炼厂所得汽柴油产品的生产成本较高，如何降低其生产成本仍是目前研究的热点问题。由于生物炼厂和传统炼厂均具有裂化和加氢装置且生物质油与蜡油理化性质相似，因此可考虑将生物质油与蜡油在流化床催化裂化（FCC）装置中共同炼制。本文围绕共炼过程的研究和相关的模拟研究，介绍了共炼过程、生物质的来源、生物油的制备方法、共炼机理，总结了共炼比例的影响、其技术放大现状以及生物质油氧含量对产品的影响，结合模拟研究，对其过程优化与评价作了说明，最后对存在的问题及未来的发展作了讨论。由此可知，共炼技术是一项具备技术可行性和经济可行性的绿色技术。

关键词: 生物质, 生物质油, 蜡油, 共炼过程, 模拟, 优化

CLC Number:

TQ021.8

XU Weibin, JIANG Yinghua, ZHENG Lan, WANG Yuqi, WU Le. Research progress on co-processing of bio-oil and vacuum gas oil to produce gasoline and diesel in FCC units[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5415-5426.

徐维彬, 蒋迎花, 郑岚, 王玉琪, 吴乐. 生物质油与蜡油在FCC装置中共炼产汽柴油的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5415-5426.

Figures/Tables 9

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参数	快速热解油	催化热解油	加氢脱氧生物质油	蜡油
水质量分数/%	25~30	9~11	2.2~10	0.1~0.6
pH	2.8~3	3.5~3.7	2.23	—
黏度（40℃）/mm²·s^-1	33.39	—	45~47.54	25~65
C元素质量分数/%	39~54	66~73	53~75	85~86
H元素质量分数/%	5~7.6	6.4~7	8.1~9.6	10~13
O元素质量分数/%	35~50	20~27	13~20	<1
N元素质量分数/%	0.4~1.1	<0.1	<0.2	<1
S元素质量分数/%	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	1~2
原料	松木、稻田秸秆	稻田秸秆、松木屑	模型化合物愈创木酚、柳枝稷快速热解油	—
参考文献	[10-11]	[11-12]	[11, 13]	[14-17]

参数	快速热解油	催化热解油	加氢脱氧生物质油	蜡油
水质量分数/%	25~30	9~11	2.2~10	0.1~0.6
pH	2.8~3	3.5~3.7	2.23	—
黏度（40℃）/mm²·s^-1	33.39	—	45~47.54	25~65
C元素质量分数/%	39~54	66~73	53~75	85~86
H元素质量分数/%	5~7.6	6.4~7	8.1~9.6	10~13
O元素质量分数/%	35~50	20~27	13~20	<1
N元素质量分数/%	0.4~1.1	<0.1	<0.2	<1
S元素质量分数/%	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	1~2
原料	松木、稻田秸秆	稻田秸秆、松木屑	模型化合物愈创木酚、柳枝稷快速热解油	—
参考文献	[10-11]	[11-12]	[11, 13]	[14-17]

参数	快速热解	催化热解	水热液化
反应温度/℃	300~600	200~500	280~370
反应压力/MPa	0.1~1	1~10	10~22
生物质原油收率/%	20~70	30~70	20~60
技术优势	反应速率快，生物质转化效率高，有害气体产生少	由于催化剂的加入，产物具有一定的选择性，产物含氧量、含水量较低	通常用于转化高含水量的原料，如藻类生物质
技术劣势	产品含水量较高，热值相对较低，较高的升温速率使其能耗较大	催化剂易结焦失活	水相产物有机物含量高，毒性较大，产品热值相对较低
参考文献	[10, 30-31]	[12, 32-33]	[34-35]

参数	快速热解	催化热解	水热液化
反应温度/℃	300~600	200~500	280~370
反应压力/MPa	0.1~1	1~10	10~22
生物质原油收率/%	20~70	30~70	20~60
技术优势	反应速率快，生物质转化效率高，有害气体产生少	由于催化剂的加入，产物具有一定的选择性，产物含氧量、含水量较低	通常用于转化高含水量的原料，如藻类生物质
技术劣势	产品含水量较高，热值相对较低，较高的升温速率使其能耗较大	催化剂易结焦失活	水相产物有机物含量高，毒性较大，产品热值相对较低
参考文献	[10, 30-31]	[12, 32-33]	[34-35]

生物质原料类型	生物油类型	共炼比例/%	温度/℃	规模	生物炭质量分数/%	参考文献
松木	快速热解油	10，20	540	FCC生产能力150kg/h	2，5	[44]
松木	快速热解油	5，10	540	FCC生产能力200kg/h	1，2	[41]
木材	加氢脱氧快速热解油	20	520	实验室级别	—	[42]
山毛榉木	快速热解油	10	525	试点规模30g/h	2	[10]
山毛榉木	加氢脱氧快速热解油	10	525	试点规模30g/h	7	[10]
水稻秸秆	加氢脱氧快速热解油	5~20	520	实验室级别	—	[47]
藻类	热液液化油	10	520	实验室级别	—	[48]