Abstract:

Homogeneous catalysts suffer from difficult separation and regeneration, which seriously limits its application in industry. To solve these problems, supported Pt heterogeneous catalyst has been prepared by impregnation, co-precipitation and ion exchange. Introducing disparate heterogeneous catalyst supports can change the coordination environment of Pt particles, and thus presents an effective approach to improve the selectivity. Here in the review, the preparations and applications in oxidation, hydrogenation and hydrosilylation of the heterogeneous platinum catalyst supported by inorganic materials (zeolite molecular sieve, carbon nanomaterials, silica and metal oxide) and polymers have been summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of different supports have been analyzed. The results indicate that the prospective development trends of improving the activity, selectivity and stability of Pt-based heterogeneous catalysts are adjusting preparing process, changing the size and spatial structure of the support, and introducing composite or multiple active centers into support.

Key words: catalyst support, oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, platinum

摘要：

传统均相Pt催化剂因难以分离和回收等缺点，严重限制了其工业应用。通过浸渍、共沉淀、离子交换等手段将Pt负载于载体上制成非均相催化剂，不仅实现了催化剂的高效回收，降低了应用成本，还能根据不同载体改变配位环境，进而有效提高催化剂的选择性。文章从无机材料（沸石分子筛、碳纳米材料、二氧化硅、金属氧化物）和有机高分子材料等载体出发，回顾了近年来Pt负载型非均相催化剂的研制及其在催化氧化、催化加氢、硅氢加成等反应中的应用现状，并分析了不同催化剂载体的优缺点。结果表明，调整载体的制作工艺、尺寸规格、空间结构，或将其制成复合载体、引入多活性中心等方法，是提高Pt负载型非均相催化剂活性、选择性与稳定性的主要发展趋势。

关键词: 催化剂载体, 氧化, 加氢, 硅氢加成, 铂