Abstract:

The synthesis of higher alcohols is a significant approach for converting non-petroleum resources like coal, natural gas, biomass, CO/CO₂, and others into liquid fuels and high-valued chemicals, which holds great importance in promoting the clean and efficient utilization of coal and CO₂. In recent years, there have been remarkable achievements in the research of modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis, giving significant enhancements in catalytic performance and selectivity for higher alcohols. Fe-based catalysts have emerged as a research focus in recent years due to their low cost and easy access, and their reaction mechanisms can be drawn upon that of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. However, basic theoretical research still requires to be strengthened. This article presents an overview of the latest research progress on Fe-based catalysts, with a particular emphasis on the properties and reaction mechanisms of active sites in the synthesis of higher alcohols using Fe-based and FeCu-based catalysts. This article reviews the impact of alkali metals, transition metal additives, and non-metallic doping on the structure-activity relationship of catalysts, as well as on enhancing the catalytic activity, higher alcohol selectivity, and catalyst stability. Comparisons were made for commonly used carriers such as SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. A systematic analysis of the preparation methods of Fe-based catalysts is presented in terms of the impregnation method, special structure design, and material composite.

Key words: alcohol, catalyst, adsorption, reactivity, selectivity, support

摘要：

合成高级醇是将煤、天然气、生物质、CO/CO₂等非石油资源转化为液体燃料和高附加值化学品的重要途径之一，对推动煤炭清洁高效利用、CO₂资源化利用具有重要意义。近年来，通过改性费托合成催化剂来合成高级醇的研究取得了重要进展，催化剂性能明显提升。因材料廉价易获取且反应机理可借鉴费托合成，Fe基催化剂成为研究热点，但基础理论研究仍待完善。本文概述了近期高级醇合成Fe基催化剂最新的研究进展，重点综述了Fe基催化剂、FeCu基催化剂在合成高级醇反应中活性位点的性质和反应机理。梳理了碱金属、过渡金属、非金属改性对催化剂构效关系的影响，及其对提高催化剂催化活性、高级醇选择性、稳定性的作用。对比了SiO₂、Al₂O₃等常用载体的作用。按浸渍法、特殊结构、复合材料等分别对Fe基催化剂制备方法进行了系统性剖析。

关键词: 醇, 催化剂, 吸附, 活性, 选择性, 载体