Abstract:

Anaerobic digestion of wastewater is a biological treatment process in which microorganisms degrade organic substrates in an anaerobic environment and produce biogas, which has great potential to reduce energy dependence. However, due to the low methane yield, easy acidification, slow microbial enrichment, and unstable reactor operation, the traditional anaerobic technology has caused increasing energy consumption and treatment costs. Conductive materials can stimulate the interspecific electron transfer between syntrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea, thereby improving the efficiency of methanogenesis, and are widely used in the field of wastewater anaerobic treatment. On the basis of sorting out the enhanced efficiency of carbon-based, metal-based and other conductive materials mediated anaerobic digestion, the advantages of composite synergistic effect in efficient biodegradation and high stability of operation were emphatically introduced. The effects of different physical and chemical properties of materials on enhanced anaerobic digestion performance were discussed from the aspects of particle size, conductivity and surface characteristics, and the research prospect of enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of wastewater by conductive materials was prospected.

Key words: anaerobic digestion, direct interspecies electron transfer, carbon-based conductive materials, metal-based conductive materials, composite conductive materials

摘要：

厌氧消化是微生物在厌氧环境下降解有机底物并产生沼气的生物处理工艺，在降低能源依赖方面具有巨大潜力。然而传统厌氧技术由于甲烷产率低、微生物富集慢、反应器运行不稳定等问题，造成能源消耗和处理成本不断增加。导电材料可刺激互营细菌和产甲烷古菌之间的种间电子传递，进而提高产甲烷效率，广泛应用于废水厌氧处理领域。本文在梳理了碳基、金属基及其他导电材料介导厌氧消化强化效能的基础上，着重介绍了复合材料协同作用在高效生物降解和运行高稳定性方面的优势。从粒径、导电性能、表面特征等方面论述了材料不同物理化学特性对强化厌氧消化性能的影响，并对导电材料强化废水厌氧生物降解的研究前景进行了展望。

关键词: 厌氧消化, 直接种间电子传递, 碳基导电材料, 金属基导电材料, 复合导电材料