强化泡沫排液下浮选富集和回收工程纳米颗粒

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0934

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鉴于水体中工程纳米颗粒（ENP）的环境毒性与潜在价值，高效富集/回收ENP是其资源化处理的重要课题。为了突破浮选ENP中富集程度低且后续分离难度大的技术瓶颈，本文基于强化泡沫排液建立了富集/回收ENP的浮选法。以TiO₂纳米颗粒（TNP）为研究对象、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为捕收剂和起泡剂，构筑了正八边形中空棱台（RHP）构件强化泡沫排液，分别从持液率、气泡直径和富集比等方面探讨了RHP强化排液的效果，分析了其机理。实验结果表明，在RHP构件安装于泡沫相中部、pH9.0、CTAB浓度100mg/L和气速250mL/min的条件下，TNP的富集比和回收率分别达到48.3±2.4和98.2%±4.9%；与不添加RHP相比，浮选过程中持液率降低了72.1%，TNP富集比升高了68.9%。综上，本文开发的浮选法为有效治理ENP水污染提供了重要的理论指导和技术支持。

关键词: 泡沫浮选, 工程纳米颗粒, 泡沫排液, 二氧化钛, 富集比

Abstract:

In view of the environmental toxicity and potential value of engineered nanoparticle (ENP) in water, the efficient enrichment and recovery of ENP is an important subject for its resourceful treatment. This paper developed a flotation method based on the intensified foam drainage for ENP enrichment and recovery to break the technical bottlenecks of its low enrichment and difficult subsequent separation. Using titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP) as the research target and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as collector and foaming agent the regular-hexagon hollow prismoid (RHP) internal was constructed. Its effect of intensified drainage was discussed in terms of liquid holdup, bubble diameter and enrichment ratio and the mechanism was analyzed. The results of experiments showed that the enrichment ratio and recovery percentage of TNP reached 48.3±2.4 and 98.2%±4.9%, respectively, under the conditions of RHP internal installed in the middle of the foam phase with pH value 9.0, CTAB concentration 100mg/L and airflow rate 250mL/min. The liquid holdup of flotation process was reduced by 72.1%, while the enrichment ration of TNP was increased by 68.9% compared with those without RHP. In conclusion, this flotation method developed in this paper provided important theoretical guidance and technical support for effective treatment of ENP water pollution.

Key words: foam flotation, engineered nanoparticle, foam drainage, titanium dioxide, enrichment ratio

中图分类号:

X513

胡楠, 陈林, 李会珍, 张思瑶, 张志军. 强化泡沫排液下浮选富集和回收工程纳米颗粒[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(1): 485-492.

HU Nan, CHEN Lin, LI Huizhen, ZHANG Siyao, ZHANG Zhijun. Enrichment and recovery of engineered nanoparticle using flotation with intensified foam drainage[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(1): 485-492.

图/表 9

表1 TNP模拟废水水质情况

参数	数值
pH	6.2
浓度/mg·L^-1	20.0
电导率/μS·cm^-1	6.1±0.3
颜色	乳白色
分散指数	0.210

图1 浮选TNP的实验装置示意图1—空气泵；2—缓冲瓶；3—空气加湿瓶；4—转子流量计；5—阀门；6—气体分布器；7—消泡液；8—蠕动泵；9—残液；10—RHP构件

图2 RHP构件对不同泡沫高度下DSm及塔顶出口εout的影响（“球”的数值×10–1mm代表了DSm的数值）

图3 不同pH下RHP构件对ETNP、RTNP和εout的影响以及pH对γ、t1/2和zeta电位的影响

图4 不同CTAB浓度下RHP构件对ETNP、RTNP和εout的影响以及CTAB浓度对γ和t1/2的影响

图5 浮选TNP过程的机理示意图

表2 RHP构件的不同位置对TNP浮选效果的影响

排液能力	TNP的浮选效果
持液率ε_out/×10^-3	E_TNP	R_TNP/%
56.3±2.8	7.5±0.4	79.8±4.0
40.4±2.0	13.0±0.6	75.5±3.8
30.6±1.5	14.9±0.7	73.9±3.7
23.2±1.2	16.8±0.8	72.6±3.6
27.9±1.4	15.6±0.8	73.2±3.7
34.5±1.7	14.1±0.7	74.7±3.7

图6 不同气速下RHP构件对ETNP和RTNP的影响

图7 模拟废水、对照塔和实验塔消泡液中TNP的粒径分布与相对含量的变化

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