气体中微量甲醛的脱除研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

主要阐述了去除甲醛气体的常用材料（吸附材料、催化氧化材料、光催化降解材料和生物技术材料）的研究进展，文中指出碳基材料、分子筛、有机金属骨架常常被用作吸附挥发性有机气体，它们具备丰富的孔道结构和较大的比表面积，碳基材料和分子筛表面存在大量丰富的基团能够有效地增大甲醛的吸附容量，提高甲醛的吸附效率；有机金属骨架表面的金属与甲醛结合成键，有效提高材料的化学吸附；以金属氧化物为载体的材料常被用作催化氧化甲醛分子，将甲醛分子转化为无毒性的二氧化碳和水；半导体材料TiO₂常被用作光催化降解材料去除甲醛；除此之外还有一些利用生物技术来去除甲醛气体。本文对比了不同材料去除甲醛的优劣性，对不同的去除材料改性研究进行了归纳总结。

关键词: 甲醛, 吸附材料, 金属氧化物, 光催化, 生物技术

Abstract:

Research progress of the commonly used materials for removing formaldehyde gas was described including adsorption materials, catalytic oxidation materials, photocatalytic degradation materials and biotechnological materials in this paper. Among them, carbon-based materials, molecular sieves and organic metal skeletons were often used to absorb volatile organic gases. They had rich pore structure and large specific surface area. There were abundant groups on the surface of carbon-based materials and molecular sieve, which can effectively increase the adsorption capacity of formaldehyde and improve the adsorption efficiency of formaldehyde. The metal on the organic metal skeleton surface was bonded with formaldehyde, which can effectively improve the chemical adsorption of the material. The materials with metal oxides as carriers were often used to catalyze the oxidation of formaldehyde molecules into non-toxic carbon dioxide and water, and semiconductor material TiO₂ was often applied as photocatalytic degradation material to remove formaldehyde, while others used biotechnology to remove formaldehyde gases. The advantages and disadvantages of removing formaldehyde from different materials were compared and the research on the modification of different removing materials was summarized.

Key words: formaldehyde, adsorption material, metallic oxide, photocatalysis, biotechnology

中图分类号:

孙曼颖, 姜伟丽, 周广林, 周红军, 李芹, 李想. 气体中微量甲醛的脱除研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6876-6888.

SUN Manying, JIANG Weili, ZHOU Guanglin, ZHOU Hongjun, LI Qin, LI Xiang. Research progress in the removal of trace formaldehyde in gas[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6876-6888.

图/表 7

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材料	去甲醛原理	影响因素	优点	缺点
吸附材料	利用吸附剂与被吸附物质之间形成的范德华力或者化学吸附实现被吸附物质的选择性去除	材料孔道结构、比表面积、湿度、温度等	成本低、不引入新杂质	吸附容量有限
催化氧化材料	金属或金属氧化物催化甲醛发生氧化还原反应，使甲醛转化为CO₂和H₂O	金属种类、反应温度、制备方法等	去除效率高	引入新杂质
光催化材料	在紫外光的作用下，发生氧化-还原反应以降解甲醛	紫外线强度、金属负载量、负载金属种类等	新型节能	成本高
生物技术	通过植物修复、微生物去除	植物种类、甲醛浓度等	环保、具有经济效益	周期较长

材料	去甲醛原理	影响因素	优点	缺点
吸附材料	利用吸附剂与被吸附物质之间形成的范德华力或者化学吸附实现被吸附物质的选择性去除	材料孔道结构、比表面积、湿度、温度等	成本低、不引入新杂质	吸附容量有限
催化氧化材料	金属或金属氧化物催化甲醛发生氧化还原反应，使甲醛转化为CO₂和H₂O	金属种类、反应温度、制备方法等	去除效率高	引入新杂质
光催化材料	在紫外光的作用下，发生氧化-还原反应以降解甲醛	紫外线强度、金属负载量、负载金属种类等	新型节能	成本高
生物技术	通过植物修复、微生物去除	植物种类、甲醛浓度等	环保、具有经济效益	周期较长

[1]	陈翔宇, 卞春林, 肖本益. 温度分级厌氧消化工艺的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4872-4881.
[2]	王晨, 白浩良, 康雪. 大功率UV-LED散热与纳米TiO₂光催化酸性红26耦合系统性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4905-4916.
[3]	黄玉飞, 李子怡, 黄杨强, 金波, 罗潇, 梁志武. 光催化CO₂和CH₄重整催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4247-4263.
[4]	郭立行, 庞蔚莹, 马克遥, 杨镓涵, 孙泽辉, 张盼, 付东, 赵昆. 层序空间多孔结构TiO₂实现高效光催化CO₂还原[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3643-3651.
[5]	王科菊, 赵成, 胡晓玫, 云军阁, 魏凝涵, 姜雪迎, 邹昀, 陈志航. 金属氧化物低温催化氧化VOCs的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2402-2412.
[6]	张宁, 吴海滨, 李钰, 李剑锋, 程芳琴. 漂浮型光催化材料的制备及其在水处理领域的应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2475-2485.
[7]	杨状, 李闰华, 强增寿, 王雅君, 姚文清. 废弃制冷剂R134a的光催化降解[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 2109-2114.
[8]	胥生元, 郝玮, 王杰, 高文生, 谢克锋. 半导体光催化剂BiOCl异质结的构建及应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1493-1507.
[9]	陈邦富, 欧阳平, 李宇涵, 段有雨, 董帆. ZnSn(OH)₆ 基纳米材料在环境光催化中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 756-764.
[10]	姚稳, 张雨晨, 滕文馨, 黎江玲. 表面活性剂对制备Ca掺杂β-In₂S₃微观结构的影响及其光催化降解甲基橙性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 774-782.
[11]	程荣, 邓子祺, 夏锦程, 李江, 石磊, 郑祥. 光催化系统灭活微生物气溶胶的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 957-968.
[12]	多佳, 姚国栋, 王英霁, 曾旭, 金滨滨. 改性Au-TiO₂光降解废水中诺氟沙星的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 624-630.
[13]	宋亚丽, 李紫燕, 杨彩荣, 黄龙, 张宏忠. 非金属元素掺杂石墨相氮化碳光催化材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5299-5309.
[14]	章萍萍, 丁书海, 高晶晶, 赵敏, 俞海祥, 刘玥宏, 谷麟. 碳量子点修饰半导体复合光催化剂降解水中有机污染物[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5487-5500.
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