氧化石墨烯分离膜的性能调控及其传质机理研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0239

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氧化石墨烯（GO）作为理想的膜构筑材料，因其蜂窝状的结构特点及表面分布大量含氧基团的特性，被广泛用于水处理分离膜的构筑。GO膜具有良好的物理特性、优异的化学稳定性和独特的二维层状结构，在污水处理、脱盐和离子筛分等水处理领域备受关注。在水处理中，GO膜对有机物和离子有较好的截留效果，但也存在水通量低、稳定性差等问题。本文分析了近年来GO膜在水处理领域的研究新进展；简单总结了GO膜的制备方法和水处理应用；重点阐述了GO水处理膜分离性能优化的方法和传质机理的研究进展；最后总结并展望了GO膜在结构调控和性能提升方面的发展方向。本文为设计和制备高性能GO水处理膜提供参考。

关键词: 氧化石墨烯, 分离膜, 水处理, 优化, 传质

Abstract:

Due to the unique honeycomb structure with a large number of oxygen-containing groups, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used as ideal construction blocks for water treatment separation membrane. GO membrane has good physical properties, excellent chemical stability and unique two-dimensional layered structure, which has attracted increasing attention in the fields of wastewater treatment, desalination, and ion sieving. In the water treatment processes, GO membrane shows good retention effect on organic matter and ions, however, meanwhile, the membrane itself suffers from some problems such as low water flux and poor stability. This paper reviews the current research progress of GO membrane in water treatment, including the preparation method and water treatment application of GO membrane, optimized method of separation performance and mass transfer mechanism on GO membrane. Finally, the development directions of GO membrane in structure regulation and performance improvement is summarized and prospected. It provides some references for designing and preparing GO membrane with high performance in water treatment.

Key words: graphene oxide, membranes, water treatment, optimization, mass transfer

中图分类号:

X703

胡慧敏, 方小峰, 娄蒙蒙, 刘帅, 徐晨烨, 李方. 氧化石墨烯分离膜的性能调控及其传质机理研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 291-300.

HU Huimin, FANG Xiaofeng, LOU Mengmeng, LIU Shuai, XU Chenye, LI Fang. Research process on performance regulation and mass transfer mechanism of graphene oxide separation membrane[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(S1): 291-300.

图/表 8

参考文献 82

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插层材料	截留物	插层后水通量/L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	压力/MPa	插层后水通量/L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	插层前截留率/%	插层前截留率/%	参考文献
PAMAM	NaCl	0.1	—	30	<60	>99.99	［32］
CNT	MO	0.5~0.9	3.82	8.69	98.5	96.1	［33］
SiO₂	MB	0.3	1.46	1.67	78	79	［34］
SiO₂	MB	0.09	7.4	31.8	99.7	99.3	［35］
SiO₂/MXene	RhB	0.1	—	74.8	—	99.3	［36］
TiO₂/Ag⁺	MgSO₄	0.7	20	52	80	83	［37］
Ag⁺	RhB	—	—	21.8	—	99.5	［38］
ZnO	BSA	0.1	120	170.13	91	92	［39］
PGS	C₆H₃₄	0.05	100	1867	—	99.9	［40］
K⁺	Mg²⁺	0.1	—	—	—	98.84	［41］
Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	0.1	—	12.26	—	96.26	［41］

插层材料	截留物	插层后水通量/L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	压力/MPa	插层后水通量/L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	插层前截留率/%	插层前截留率/%	参考文献
PAMAM	NaCl	0.1	—	30	<60	>99.99	［32］
CNT	MO	0.5~0.9	3.82	8.69	98.5	96.1	［33］
SiO₂	MB	0.3	1.46	1.67	78	79	［34］
SiO₂	MB	0.09	7.4	31.8	99.7	99.3	［35］
SiO₂/MXene	RhB	0.1	—	74.8	—	99.3	［36］
TiO₂/Ag⁺	MgSO₄	0.7	20	52	80	83	［37］
Ag⁺	RhB	—	—	21.8	—	99.5	［38］
ZnO	BSA	0.1	120	170.13	91	92	［39］
PGS	C₆H₃₄	0.05	100	1867	—	99.9	［40］
K⁺	Mg²⁺	0.1	—	—	—	98.84	［41］
Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	0.1	—	12.26	—	96.26	［41］

杂化材料	截留物	压力 /bar	纯水通量 /L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	截留率/%	参考文献
HKUST-1	BSA	1.5	122.34	>90	［57］
HKUST-1	NaCl	1	115200	100	［58］
COFs-TpAD	RB	1	596	98	［59］
COFs-CTF₅	NaCl	1	226.3	95.49	［60］
COFs-TpPa	MB	1	166.8	97.05	［61］
MoS₂	MB	1	159.6	96.3	［64］
MWCNT	BSA	1	125.6	85.01	［67］
BN	MB	20.68	4.15	>99.5	［68］
MXene	NR	1	71.9	>99.5	［69］
MXene-Ti₃C₂T_x	NaCl	4.89	0.05	98.6	［71］

杂化材料	截留物	压力 /bar	纯水通量 /L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	截留率/%	参考文献
HKUST-1	BSA	1.5	122.34	>90	［57］
HKUST-1	NaCl	1	115200	100	［58］
COFs-TpAD	RB	1	596	98	［59］
COFs-CTF₅	NaCl	1	226.3	95.49	［60］
COFs-TpPa	MB	1	166.8	97.05	［61］
MoS₂	MB	1	159.6	96.3	［64］
MWCNT	BSA	1	125.6	85.01	［67］
BN	MB	20.68	4.15	>99.5	［68］
MXene	NR	1	71.9	>99.5	［69］
MXene-Ti₃C₂T_x	NaCl	4.89	0.05	98.6	［71］

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