可生物降解分离膜材料及其应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0622

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在绿色化学理念的引导下，可生物降解膜材料受到了广泛的关注，有望成为传统分离膜材料的补充和替代品。本文首先分析了传统的不可降解分离膜材料的现状及问题，然后综述了当前较为热门的几种可生物降解膜材料，讨论了它们的发展状况，详细介绍了它们在膜相关领域中的应用，并针对它们的局限性做出了说明并提出了一些解决方案。随后，分析了可生物降解膜材料的生物降解机理，从分子结构角度对膜材料的可生物降解性进行了说明，这将有利于剖析膜材料生物降解的本质，进而平衡膜材料在使用中的稳定性和生物降解性。最后，文章对可生物降解膜材料在发展中遇到的问题进行了展望，并指出随着研究的不断深入，可生物降解膜材料具有广阔的前景和深远的现实意义。

关键词: 膜, 分离, 聚合物, 环境, 降解, 聚乳酸

Abstract:

Inspired by the concept of green chemistry, the biodegradable membrane materials have drawn widespread attentions, and are expected to be alternatives for conventional membrane materials. In this paper, the current status and problems of traditional non-degradable membrane materials were analyzed, several popular biodegradable membrane materials were reviewed, and the applications and the limitations of the biodegradable membrane materials were discussed. Subsequently, the biodegradation mechanism of the biodegradable membrane material was also analyzed, and the biodegradability of the membrane material was explained from the molecular structure. This would help to analyze the essence of the biodegradation of the membrane material, and balance the stability and biodegradability of the membrane material. Finally, the existing challenges and a forward-looking perspective of biodegradable membrane materials were also discussed. With the deepening of research, the biodegradable membrane materials would have broad prospects and far-reaching practical significance.

Key words: membrane, separation, polymers, environmental, degradation, polylactic acid

中图分类号:

TQ028.8

焦阳, 李之行, 张瑛洁, 王凯, 程喜全. 可生物降解分离膜材料及其应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 949-958.

Yang JIAO, Zhixing LI, Yingjie ZHANG, Kai WANG, Xiquan CHENG. Research progress on biodegradable membrane materials and their applications[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 949-958.

图/表 5

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膜材料	常用品牌/型号	材料价格 /CNY·kg^-1	膜类型	操作压力 /MPa	通量 /L·m^-2·h^-1	分离物质	分离效率 /%	操作温度 /℃	操作 pH	参考文献
PVDF	Solef 1015	约165	中空纤维膜	—	535	牛血清白蛋白（BSA）	84	—	—	[5]
PLA	Naturework 4032D	约50	中空纤维膜	0.05~0.1	870.5	1000×10^-6 BSA	80.0	20	7	[6]
PES	BASF E6020P	约120	平板超滤膜	0.1	253.7	5g/L PEG20000	90.6	—	—	[7]
CA	HJBN	约100	平板超滤膜	0.15	183.51	1g/L BSA	93.36	25	7.4	[8]
聚酰胺(PA)	Aladdin (PIP/IPC)	594	复合纳滤膜	0.6	46	1000×10^-6 Na₂SO₄	97.1	25	—	[9]
CS	海力	100	复合纳滤膜	0.6	74.8	1000×10^-6Na₂SO₄	93.3	25	7.4	[10]
PAN	台湾化纤	65	纳米纤维膜	重力驱动	11666	水包甲苯乳液	＞99.9	—	—	[11]
PCL	美国苏威	62	纳米纤维膜	重力驱动	3300	正己烷-水混合液	99.92	—	—	[12]

膜材料	常用品牌/型号	材料价格 /CNY·kg^-1	膜类型	操作压力 /MPa	通量 /L·m^-2·h^-1	分离物质	分离效率 /%	操作温度 /℃	操作 pH	参考文献
PVDF	Solef 1015	约165	中空纤维膜	—	535	牛血清白蛋白（BSA）	84	—	—	[5]
PLA	Naturework 4032D	约50	中空纤维膜	0.05~0.1	870.5	1000×10^-6 BSA	80.0	20	7	[6]
PES	BASF E6020P	约120	平板超滤膜	0.1	253.7	5g/L PEG20000	90.6	—	—	[7]
CA	HJBN	约100	平板超滤膜	0.15	183.51	1g/L BSA	93.36	25	7.4	[8]
聚酰胺(PA)	Aladdin (PIP/IPC)	594	复合纳滤膜	0.6	46	1000×10^-6 Na₂SO₄	97.1	25	—	[9]
CS	海力	100	复合纳滤膜	0.6	74.8	1000×10^-6Na₂SO₄	93.3	25	7.4	[10]
PAN	台湾化纤	65	纳米纤维膜	重力驱动	11666	水包甲苯乳液	＞99.9	—	—	[11]
PCL	美国苏威	62	纳米纤维膜	重力驱动	3300	正己烷-水混合液	99.92	—	—	[12]

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