含油污泥化学热洗的药剂配方及工艺优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用化学热洗法对含油污泥进行除油处理，对不同类型的十余种化学热洗药剂进行筛选和复配，考察了不同药剂配方对含油污泥的除油效果，并对化学热洗的主要工艺条件进行了研究和优化。结果表明：在单一药剂热洗中以硅酸钠（Na₂SiO₃）的除油效果最佳，除油率可达45.3%；复配药剂热洗中以阴离子型-非离子型-碱性盐的药剂组合，即十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）+壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（NP-10）+Na₂SiO₃的除油效果最佳，除油率可达62.1%，采用复配药剂能显著提升除油效果；各操作条件对含油污泥热洗除油率的影响次序为温度＞药剂浓度＞热洗时间＞搅拌速率＞泥水比，最优的工艺条件为热洗温度80℃、药剂浓度3g/L、泥水比1∶4、热洗时间50min、搅拌速率200 r/min，在该条件下除油率可达85.4%。

关键词: 含油污泥, 化学热洗法, 清洗剂, 工艺条件

Abstract:

The oily sludge was treated by thermochemical-washing. Through screening and compounding of more than ten types of chemical hot washing agents, the deoiling effect of different chemical formulations on oily sludge was investigated, and the main technological conditions of chemical hot washing were studied and optimized. The results showed that sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) had the best degreasing effect in single agent hot washing, and the degreasing rate was up to 45.3%. The combination of anion-nonion-alkaline salt, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)+nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10)+Na₂SiO₃, had the best oil removal efficiency in hot washing, and the oil removal efficiency was up to 62.1%. The influence degree of various operating conditions on the oil removal rate of thermal washing was as follows: temperature＞agent concentration＞thermal washing time＞stirring rate＞sludge-water ratio. The optimum operating condition was: washing temperature 80℃, agent concentration 3g/L, sludge-water ratio 1∶4, thermal washing time 50min, and stirring speed 200r/min. Under the optimum conditions, oil removal rate could reach 85.4%.

Key words: oily sludge, thermochemical-washing, washing agent, operating conditions

中图分类号:

X741

黄朝琦,秦志文,尚绪敏,侯影飞. 含油污泥化学热洗的药剂配方及工艺优化[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(4): 1478-1484.

Zhaoqi HUANG,Zhiwen QIN,Xumin SHANG,Yingfei HOU. Formulation and process optimization of chemical thermal washing of oily sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(4): 1478-1484.

图/表 13

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药剂	缩写	规格	类型
十二烷基硫酸钠	SDS	分析纯	阴离子型
十二烷基苯磺酸钠	LAS	分析纯	阴离子型
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵	CTAB	99%	阳离子型
十八烷基三甲基氯化铵	OTAC	98%	阳离子型
异构醇聚氧乙烯醚	XP-80	99%	非离子型
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚	AEO-9	99%	非离子型
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚	NP-10	99%	非离子型
硅酸钠	Na₂SiO₃	分析纯	碱性无机盐
碳酸钠	Na₂CO₃	分析纯	碱性无机盐
氢氧化钠	NaOH	分析纯	碱

药剂	缩写	规格	类型
十二烷基硫酸钠	SDS	分析纯	阴离子型
十二烷基苯磺酸钠	LAS	分析纯	阴离子型
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵	CTAB	99%	阳离子型
十八烷基三甲基氯化铵	OTAC	98%	阳离子型
异构醇聚氧乙烯醚	XP-80	99%	非离子型
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚	AEO-9	99%	非离子型
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚	NP-10	99%	非离子型
硅酸钠	Na₂SiO₃	分析纯	碱性无机盐
碳酸钠	Na₂CO₃	分析纯	碱性无机盐
氢氧化钠	NaOH	分析纯	碱

序号	复配药剂	表面活性剂组合
1	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+NP-10	阴/非
2	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+XP-80	阴/非
3	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+AEO	阴/非
4	Na₂SiO₃+SDS+NP-10	阴/非
5	Na₂SiO₃+SDS+XP-80	阴/非
6	Na₂SiO₃+SDS+AEO	阴/非
7	Na₂SiO₃+CTAB+NP-10	阳/非
8	Na₂SiO₃+CTAB+XP-80	阳/非
9	Na₂SiO₃+CTAB+AEO	阳/非
10	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+NP-10	阳/非
11	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+XP-80	阳/非
12	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+AEO	阳/非
13	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+SDS	阴/阴
14	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+CTAB	阳/阳
15	Na₂SiO₃+XP-80+AEO	非/非

序号	复配药剂	表面活性剂组合
1	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+NP-10	阴/非
2	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+XP-80	阴/非
3	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+AEO	阴/非
4	Na₂SiO₃+SDS+NP-10	阴/非
5	Na₂SiO₃+SDS+XP-80	阴/非
6	Na₂SiO₃+SDS+AEO	阴/非
7	Na₂SiO₃+CTAB+NP-10	阳/非
8	Na₂SiO₃+CTAB+XP-80	阳/非
9	Na₂SiO₃+CTAB+AEO	阳/非
10	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+NP-10	阳/非
11	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+XP-80	阳/非
12	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+AEO	阳/非
13	Na₂SiO₃+LAS+SDS	阴/阴
14	Na₂SiO₃+OTAC+CTAB	阳/阳
15	Na₂SiO₃+XP-80+AEO	非/非

水平	因素
水平	热洗温度/℃	泥水比	热洗时间/min	药剂浓度/g·L^-1	搅拌速率/r·min^-1
1	40	1∶4	30	1	100
2	55	1∶5	50	2	200
3	70	1∶6	70	3	300
4	85	1∶7	90	4	400