化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 4890-4900.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0242
收稿日期:
2019-02-21
出版日期:
2019-11-05
发布日期:
2019-11-05
通讯作者:
高亚男
作者简介:
高亚男(1970—),男,高级工程师,研究方向为重烃轻质化、清洁化利用技术及其分析方法。E-mail: Yanan GAO(),Shengjuan ZHANG,Xin SHI
Received:
2019-02-21
Online:
2019-11-05
Published:
2019-11-05
Contact:
Yanan GAO
摘要:
芳烃组分的分离是实现煤基油分质利用的关键技术之一,掌握芳烃组分在煤基油中的分布及其组成结构有助于促进芳烃组分分离技术的开发。本文分别针对蒸馏法、溶剂萃取法、柱层析法等煤基油中混合芳烃组分的分离方法及精馏法、结晶法、超临界萃取法、膜分离法、化学法、吸附法等单一芳烃组分的精制技术进行了系统介绍,指出了各分离方法的优势及不足;同时综述了气相色谱法、液相色谱法、多维色谱联用法、紫外分光光度法等主要的芳烃组分组成及结构鉴定方法;进而探讨了煤基油中芳烃组分分离及其鉴定的发展趋势,认为芳烃组分的精细分离应深入研究各组分间的相互作用,将低能耗、环保型新型分离技术与传统方法相结合,芳烃组分的鉴定应将多种表征手段相结合,多层次、全方位地分析其组成结构。
中图分类号:
高亚男,张生娟,石欣. 煤基油中芳烃组分的分离及其鉴定研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(11): 4890-4900.
Yanan GAO,Shengjuan ZHANG,Xin SHI. Progress of separation, composition and structure identification of aromatic components in coal-derived oil[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(11): 4890-4900.
项目 | 馏分范围 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<170℃ | 170~210℃ | 210~250℃ | 250~290℃ | 290~330℃ | 330~370℃ | |
芳烃组分含量 | 79.79% | 81.00% | 94.54% | 72.07% | 77.79% | 91.88% |
主要芳烃化合物类型 | 苯及其衍生物 | 萘、茚及其衍生物 | 萘及其衍生物 | 萘、苊及其衍生物 | 芴、蒽及其衍生物 | 蒽、芘及其衍生物 |
表1 各馏分油中芳烃组分含量及其类型
项目 | 馏分范围 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<170℃ | 170~210℃ | 210~250℃ | 250~290℃ | 290~330℃ | 330~370℃ | |
芳烃组分含量 | 79.79% | 81.00% | 94.54% | 72.07% | 77.79% | 91.88% |
主要芳烃化合物类型 | 苯及其衍生物 | 萘、茚及其衍生物 | 萘及其衍生物 | 萘、苊及其衍生物 | 芴、蒽及其衍生物 | 蒽、芘及其衍生物 |
溶剂 名称 | 分解 温度/℃ | 相对 密度 | 分子 量 | 凝点 /℃ | 沸点 /℃ | 黏度 /mPa·s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
二甲基 亚砜 | 120 | 1.1 | 78.1 | 18 | 189 | 2(25℃) |
环丁砜 | 220 | 1.26 | 120 | 28 | 287 | 10.3(30℃) |
N-甲酰 吗啉 | >230 | 1.15 | 115 | 21 | 244 | 9.4(20℃) |
四甘醇 | 237 | 1.13 | 194.2 | -5.6 | 327 | 33(30℃) |
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 | <220 | 1.03 | 99.1 | -24 | 206 | 1.02(30℃) |
表2 常见芳烃抽提溶剂性质
溶剂 名称 | 分解 温度/℃ | 相对 密度 | 分子 量 | 凝点 /℃ | 沸点 /℃ | 黏度 /mPa·s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
二甲基 亚砜 | 120 | 1.1 | 78.1 | 18 | 189 | 2(25℃) |
环丁砜 | 220 | 1.26 | 120 | 28 | 287 | 10.3(30℃) |
N-甲酰 吗啉 | >230 | 1.15 | 115 | 21 | 244 | 9.4(20℃) |
四甘醇 | 237 | 1.13 | 194.2 | -5.6 | 327 | 33(30℃) |
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 | <220 | 1.03 | 99.1 | -24 | 206 | 1.02(30℃) |
油品类型 | 固定相 填料 | 流动相 | 芳香族含量/% |
---|---|---|---|
低温煤焦油 | 硅胶 | 苯 | 46.1 |
低温热解焦油 | 硅胶 | 甲苯 | 49.92 |
中低温煤焦油360~480℃馏分 | 硅胶 | 甲苯 | 35.10 |
中温煤焦油 | 硅胶 | 戊烷-二氯甲烷 | 47.6 |
中低温煤焦油重组分 | 氧化铝 | 甲苯 | 24.3 |
煤液化轻质油 | 硅胶 | 甲苯 | 56.0 |
表3 柱层析法在煤基油品分离中的应用[12,13,14]
油品类型 | 固定相 填料 | 流动相 | 芳香族含量/% |
---|---|---|---|
低温煤焦油 | 硅胶 | 苯 | 46.1 |
低温热解焦油 | 硅胶 | 甲苯 | 49.92 |
中低温煤焦油360~480℃馏分 | 硅胶 | 甲苯 | 35.10 |
中温煤焦油 | 硅胶 | 戊烷-二氯甲烷 | 47.6 |
中低温煤焦油重组分 | 氧化铝 | 甲苯 | 24.3 |
煤液化轻质油 | 硅胶 | 甲苯 | 56.0 |
化合物名称 | 先锋煤液化油/% | 平朔煤液化油/% | 白洞煤液化油/% |
---|---|---|---|
烷基苯 | 8.30 | 8.07 | 7.97 |
烷基四氢萘 | 26.54 | 26.53 | 25.24 |
烷基萘 | 11.50 | 9.60 | 9.59 |
烷基蒽 | 0.88 | 1.31 | 3.83 |
苊 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.78 |
芘 | 1.34 | 2.92 | 5.43 |
苯并菲 | 0.38 | 1.08 | 1.46 |
联苯 | 0.76 | 1.16 | 1.69 |
表4 3种煤液化油中主要芳烃化合物质量分数
化合物名称 | 先锋煤液化油/% | 平朔煤液化油/% | 白洞煤液化油/% |
---|---|---|---|
烷基苯 | 8.30 | 8.07 | 7.97 |
烷基四氢萘 | 26.54 | 26.53 | 25.24 |
烷基萘 | 11.50 | 9.60 | 9.59 |
烷基蒽 | 0.88 | 1.31 | 3.83 |
苊 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.78 |
芘 | 1.34 | 2.92 | 5.43 |
苯并菲 | 0.38 | 1.08 | 1.46 |
联苯 | 0.76 | 1.16 | 1.69 |
化合物名称 质量分数/% | 化合物名称 | 质量分数/% | |
---|---|---|---|
烷基苯 | 8.84 | 菲类 | 14.78 |
环烷基苯 | 2.62 | 环烷菲类 | 2.96 |
二环烷基苯 | 2.58 | 三环芳烃总含量 | 17.74 |
茚满或四氢萘 | 5.05 | 芘类 | 3.19 |
茚类 | 7.44 | ?类 | 0.34 |
单环芳烃总含量 | 26.52 | 四环芳烃总含量 | 3.52 |
萘 | 1.00 | 苯并噻吩 | 1.10 |
萘类 | 14.11 | 二苯并噻吩 | 0.42 |
苊类+二苯并呋喃 | 6.56 | 萘苯并噻吩 | 0.00 |
芴类 | 16.87 | 噻吩总含量 | 1.52 |
苊烯类 | 11.81 | 未鉴定芳烃 | 0.34 |
双环芳烃总含量 | 50.35 | 总芳烃 | 100.00 |
表5 煤焦油中芳香分中各化合物组成
化合物名称 质量分数/% | 化合物名称 | 质量分数/% | |
---|---|---|---|
烷基苯 | 8.84 | 菲类 | 14.78 |
环烷基苯 | 2.62 | 环烷菲类 | 2.96 |
二环烷基苯 | 2.58 | 三环芳烃总含量 | 17.74 |
茚满或四氢萘 | 5.05 | 芘类 | 3.19 |
茚类 | 7.44 | ?类 | 0.34 |
单环芳烃总含量 | 26.52 | 四环芳烃总含量 | 3.52 |
萘 | 1.00 | 苯并噻吩 | 1.10 |
萘类 | 14.11 | 二苯并噻吩 | 0.42 |
苊类+二苯并呋喃 | 6.56 | 萘苯并噻吩 | 0.00 |
芴类 | 16.87 | 噻吩总含量 | 1.52 |
苊烯类 | 11.81 | 未鉴定芳烃 | 0.34 |
双环芳烃总含量 | 50.35 | 总芳烃 | 100.00 |
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