煤基油中芳烃组分的分离及其鉴定研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0242

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

芳烃组分的分离是实现煤基油分质利用的关键技术之一，掌握芳烃组分在煤基油中的分布及其组成结构有助于促进芳烃组分分离技术的开发。本文分别针对蒸馏法、溶剂萃取法、柱层析法等煤基油中混合芳烃组分的分离方法及精馏法、结晶法、超临界萃取法、膜分离法、化学法、吸附法等单一芳烃组分的精制技术进行了系统介绍，指出了各分离方法的优势及不足；同时综述了气相色谱法、液相色谱法、多维色谱联用法、紫外分光光度法等主要的芳烃组分组成及结构鉴定方法；进而探讨了煤基油中芳烃组分分离及其鉴定的发展趋势，认为芳烃组分的精细分离应深入研究各组分间的相互作用，将低能耗、环保型新型分离技术与传统方法相结合，芳烃组分的鉴定应将多种表征手段相结合，多层次、全方位地分析其组成结构。

关键词: 煤基油品, 芳烃组分, 分离, 鉴定

Abstract:

The separation of aromatic components is one of the key technologies for the utilization of coal-derived oils，and the distribution and composition of aromatic components in coal-derived oils is conducive to the development of the separation technology of aromatic components. In this paper，the separation methods of mixed aromatic components in coal-derived oil by distillation，solvent extraction，column chromatography and other methods，as well as the purification techniques of single aromatic components by distillation，crystallization，supercritical extraction，membrane separation，chemical method and adsorption method were introduced respectively，and the advantages and disadvantages of each separation method were also compared objectively．The main methods of aromatics composition and structure identification，such as gas chromatography，liquid chromatography，multidimensional chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry were reviewed. The development trend of isolation and identification of aromatic component were discussed，the article pointed out the aromatic components of fine separation should be in-depth study of the interaction between the components，low energy consumption，environment-friendly new separation technology with traditional methods，the combination of aromatic components of appraisal should be a variety of characterization methods，the combination of multi-level and comprehensive analysis of its structure.

Key words: coal-derived oil, aromatic components, separation, identification

中图分类号:

TQ522.6

高亚男,张生娟,石欣. 煤基油中芳烃组分的分离及其鉴定研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(11): 4890-4900.

Yanan GAO,Shengjuan ZHANG,Xin SHI. Progress of separation， composition and structure identification of aromatic components in coal-derived oil[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(11): 4890-4900.

图/表 5

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项目	馏分范围
项目	＜170℃	170～210℃	210～250℃	250～290℃	290～330℃	330～370℃
芳烃组分含量	79.79%	81.00%	94.54%	72.07%	77.79%	91.88%
主要芳烃化合物类型	苯及其衍生物	萘、茚及其衍生物	萘及其衍生物	萘、苊及其衍生物	芴、蒽及其衍生物	蒽、芘及其衍生物

项目	馏分范围
项目	＜170℃	170～210℃	210～250℃	250～290℃	290～330℃	330～370℃
芳烃组分含量	79.79%	81.00%	94.54%	72.07%	77.79%	91.88%
主要芳烃化合物类型	苯及其衍生物	萘、茚及其衍生物	萘及其衍生物	萘、苊及其衍生物	芴、蒽及其衍生物	蒽、芘及其衍生物

溶剂名称	分解温度/℃	相对密度	分子量	凝点 /℃	沸点 /℃	黏度 /mPa·s
二甲基亚砜	120	1.1	78.1	18	189	2（25℃）
环丁砜	220	1.26	120	28	287	10.3（30℃）
N-甲酰吗啉	＞230	1.15	115	21	244	9.4（20℃）
四甘醇	237	1.13	194.2	-5.6	327	33（30℃）
N-甲基吡咯烷酮	＜220	1.03	99.1	-24	206	1.02（30℃）

溶剂名称	分解温度/℃	相对密度	分子量	凝点 /℃	沸点 /℃	黏度 /mPa·s
二甲基亚砜	120	1.1	78.1	18	189	2（25℃）
环丁砜	220	1.26	120	28	287	10.3（30℃）
N-甲酰吗啉	＞230	1.15	115	21	244	9.4（20℃）
四甘醇	237	1.13	194.2	-5.6	327	33（30℃）
N-甲基吡咯烷酮	＜220	1.03	99.1	-24	206	1.02（30℃）

油品类型	固定相填料	流动相	芳香族含量/%
低温煤焦油	硅胶	苯	46.1
低温热解焦油	硅胶	甲苯	49.92
中低温煤焦油360～480℃馏分	硅胶	甲苯	35.10
中温煤焦油	硅胶	戊烷-二氯甲烷	47.6
中低温煤焦油重组分	氧化铝	甲苯	24.3
煤液化轻质油	硅胶	甲苯	56.0