非共沸不互溶混合工质脉动热管启动特性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0468

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对低加热功率下脉动热管难启动的问题，本文提出一种用于脉动热管相变传热的非共沸不互溶混合工质（HFE-7100和水），其中低沸点工质潜热小、比热容低、密度大，高沸点工质潜热大、比热容高、密度低。选取水为高沸点工质， HFE-7100为低沸点工质，并将两者按照4∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶4比例混合，实验研究了不同混合比例工质在不同充灌率和不同加热功率下的启动特性。结果表明：相对于水，HFE-7100的低汽化潜热值和高(dp/dT)_sat值等特点能够加快蒸发段气泡的形成，加速脉动热管的启动；相对于纯工质脉动热管，非共沸不互溶混合工质相当于缩短了脉动热管的有效长度，加快系统启动；在低加热功率下，纯工质脉动热管无法启动，但混合工质脉动热管能够正常启动，且混合比例为2∶1、1∶1和1∶2时启动较快；在高加热功率下，混合比例2∶1启动最快。同时，对于非共沸不互溶混合工质脉动热管，充灌率为30%时启动效果最好。

关键词: 脉动热管, 非共沸, 气液两相流, 混合工质, 充灌率

Abstract:

Based on the difficulty of starting pulsating heat pipes (PHP) at low heating power, a zeotropic immiscible mixture was proposed. The low boiling point working fluid has low latent heat, low specific heat and high density, while the high boiling point working fluid has high latent heat, high specific heat and low density. Water was chosen as high boiling point working fluid and HFE-7100 as low boiling point working fluid. The two working fluids were mixed in proportion of 4∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2 and 1∶4, respectively. The start-up characteristics of different mixing ratio refrigerants at different filling rates and heating powers were studied experimentally. The results showed that compared with water, the low latent heat of vaporization and high (dp/dT)_sat of HFE-7100 could accelerate the formation of bubbles in evaporation section and the start-up of PHP. Compared with pure working fluid, zeotropic immiscible mixtures were equivalent to shortening the effective length of PHP and speeding up system start-up. Under low heating power, pure working fluid PHP cannot start, but mixture PHP could start normally, and the starting speed was faster when the mixing ratio was 2∶1, 1∶1 and 1∶2. Under the high heating power, the starting speed was the fastest when the mixing ratio was 2∶1. At the same time, the start-up effect of PHP with zeotropic immiscible mixtures was the best when the filling rate was 30%.

Key words: pulsating heat pipe, zeotropic, gas-liquid flow, mixtures, filling ratio

中图分类号:

TK172.4

张超,徐荣吉,陈静妍,吴青平. 非共沸不互溶混合工质脉动热管启动特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(12): 5279-5286.

Chao ZHANG,Rongji XU,Jingyan CHEN,Qingping WU. Analysis of start-up characteristics of pulsating heat pipe with zeotropic immiscible mixtures[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(12): 5279-5286.

图/表 13

图1 脉动热管实验系统

图2 实验系统组成及脉动热管主体构成

图3 脉动热管试件尺寸及测点分布（单位：mm）

表1 实验工况

实验参数	工况
工质种类	水、HFE-7100
混合比例μ（水∶HFE-7100）	1∶0、4∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、0∶1
加热功率Q/W	20、50、90、130、170、210、250
充灌率α/%	30、50、70
倾斜角度θ/(°)	90
冷却水流量/L·h^-1	60

表2 水和HFE-7100的热物性参数（25℃）

工质

沸点T_s

/℃

密度ρ_l

/kg·m^-3

动力黏度η

/Pa·s

比热容c_pl

/J·kg^-1·K^-1

表面张力σ

/×10^-3N·m^-1

汽化潜热H_fg

/kJ·kg^-1

(dp/dT)_sat(20～40℃)

/Pa·℃^-1

图4 不同充灌率下混合工质1∶1时的分布

图5 不同工质启动时的流型变化图

图6 脉动热管温度及温差波动曲线

图7 工质混合比例对启动性能的影响（α=50%）

图8 加热功率对启动性能的影响

图9 不同工质的蒸发段平均温度波动曲线

图10 不同充灌率在不同加热功率下的启动时间

图11 混合比例1∶1不同充灌率下温差波动曲线（Q=130W）

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