仿生超疏水金属材料制备技术及在化工领域应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1216

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超疏水表面是材料研究热点，而超疏水金属材料在化工领域应用前景广阔。本文对超疏水金属表面材料在制备方法和实际应用的最新进展进行了综述，在浸润模型基础上，重点概括了针对金属构建微纳粗糙结构用于超疏水表面制备的方法，并对包括自清洁、流动减阻、强化换热、抗结冰、金属防腐、油水分离等常见化工领域应用以及新开发的如防垢、滚动造粒、蒸发结晶等新应用方向的最新相关研究成果进行了总结，并提出了规模化绿色廉价快速一步制备稳定高效超疏水金属表面是未来研究趋势。

关键词: 超疏水, 金属, 制备, 应用, 稳定性

Abstract:

The superhydrophobic surface have been studied for decades， and the applications of superhydrophobic metal materials in chemical engineering are quite promosing. In this work， the latest progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic metal surface materials and their applications are reviewed. On the basis of fundamental wetting models， the preparation methods of constructing rough micro- and nano-structure on metal for obtaining superhydrophobic surface are introduced. Applications of superhydrophobic metal surface in conventional chemical engineering such as self-clean， drag reduction， heat exchanging intensification， anti-icing， anti-corrosion， water/oil separation， and new applications including anti-scaling， rolling granulation， and evaporation crystallization， are summarized. Finally， the developing tendency is proposed as one-step preparation of stable and high-performance superhydrophobic metal surface with the features of pollution-free， low-cost， and quickness.

Key words: superhydrophobicity, metal, preparation, application, stability

中图分类号:

蒋炜, 杨超, 袁绍军, 梁斌. 仿生超疏水金属材料制备技术及在化工领域应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 344-364.

Wei JIANG, Chao YANG, Shaojun YUAN, Bin LIANG. Bioinspired superhydrophobic metal materials： preparation methods and applications in chemical engineering[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 344-364.

图/表 16

图1 超疏水表面的5种状态[28]

图2 一步化学刻蚀法制备超疏水金属铜表面的SEM图[40]

图3 阳极氧化法制备超疏水铝表面的微观结构[45]

图4 电化学沉积法制备的氧化锌薄膜的SEM图[57]

图5 热氧化法制备的纳米多级结构[65]

图6 金属铜表面化学沉积CeO2/ZnO纳米管[78]

图7 光刻蚀法制备接触角可控疏水表面[89]

图8 喷涂法制备超疏水不锈钢网的微观结构[96]

图9 三步法制备低黏附超疏水金属表面[115]

图10 超疏水金属钢表面的自清洁[122]

图11 阳极氧化法制备的超疏水铁片的流动减阻性能[5]

图12 超疏水铜管表面的强化冷凝换热应用[134]

图13 超疏水表面的抗结冰应用[140]

图14 超疏水铜表面的CaCO3防阻垢性能[49]

图15 超疏水金属表面的防腐性能[51]

图16 超疏水铜网表面的滚动造粒过程[50]

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