关键词: 燃料电池, 电化学, 催化剂, 纳米结构, 制备

Abstract: Low platinum fuel cell catalysts with ultra-low Pt loadings and high catalytic performance,have great potential to reduce the overall cost of fuel cells. Therefore,the development of low platinum fuel cell catalysts has been an important research direction for fuel cell catalysts. In this paper the recent development of the low platinum fuel cell electrocatalysts is reviewed. The low platinum fuel cell catalysts are classified as platinum-based alloy structure catalyst,platinum-based core-shell structure catalyst,platinum monolayer structure catalyst and single-atom catalyst of platinum. The preparation methods of low platinum fuel cell electrocatalysts are introduced in detail,including organic sol method,electrochemical reduction deposition method,chemical vapor deposition method,atomic layer deposition,ionic liquid method,and microwave method. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are summarized. The preparation methods of core-shell structured electrocatalysts,including two-step organic sol method,pulse electrodeposition,surface dealloying method,under-potential deposition method, and the preparation of hollow configuration core-shell catalysts are highlighted. In the end,it is suggested that the controllable preparation of low platinum core-shell catalysts with high activity and high stability is an important research direction for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Key words: fuel cells, electrochemistry, catalyst, nanostructure, preparation