基于结构双流体模型的循环流化床全回路模拟

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-0147

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 4500-4512.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-0147

• 反应器与过程装备的模拟与仿真 • 上一篇

基于结构双流体模型的循环流化床全回路模拟

王雅彬¹^,²(), 赵碧丹¹^,²(), 徐繁², 兰斌², 王军武¹^,²()

^1.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院，北京 102249
^2.中国科学院过程工程研究所介科学与工程全国重点实验室，北京 100190

收稿日期:2025-01-24 修回日期:2025-04-12 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-08
通讯作者: 赵碧丹,王军武
作者简介:王雅彬（1999—），女，硕士，研究方向为流体力学。E-mail：wybin0909@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22378399);国家自然科学基金(22478421);中国石油大学（北京）科研启动基金(2462024YJRC012);中国石油大学（北京）科研启动基金(2462024YJRC008);中国科学技术协会青年人才托举工程(2022QNRC001)

Full-loop simulation of gas-solid flow in CFB unit using mesoscience-based structural model

WANG Yabin¹^,²(), ZHAO Bidan¹^,²(), XU Fan², LAN Bin², WANG Junwu¹^,²()

^1.College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
^2.China State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2025-01-24 Revised:2025-04-12 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-08
Contact: ZHAO Bidan, WANG Junwu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

循环流化床全回路系统广泛应用于能源、化工等领域，系统中普遍包含提升管、非机械密封仓、旋风分离器、料腿等复杂结构。随着操作条件变化，一方面系统中出现跨流域流化特性，另一方面系统中也普遍存在颗粒聚团、气泡等非均匀介尺度结构。合理量化循环流化床全回路系统中的流动/传递特性，对优化操作条件及反应器结构、寻找全回路系统的放大规律至关重要。本文作者课题组前期工作已初步证明基于介科学中多尺度分解思想构建的结构双流体模型可从模型架构上兼顾控制方程及本构关系均考虑非均匀介尺度结构影响，它具有针对气固复杂系统多流域情况下的准确模拟能力。由于循环流化床全回路系统平衡压降困难、构体结构复杂、需要满足连续操作等条件，三维全回路系统快速准确模拟一直备受制约。因此，本文尝试利用结构双流体模型刻画两类无机械阀控制的循环流化床全回路系统中的气固流动特性。模拟结果显示：与实验数据相比，结构双流体模型可准确预测床内气固复杂流动特性，如轴向固体浓度、径向固体浓度、径向速度与压降分布等；该模型在多种操作条件下的适用性和鲁棒性良好，且计算效率较高，更适用于预测稠密气固两相流系统，因此为工业尺度的循环流化床系统优化设计与放大奠定坚实的基础。

关键词: 计算流体力学, 多相流, 流化床, 数值模拟, 全回路模拟

Abstract:

Circulating fluidized bed unit is widely used in energy, chemical engineering, and other fields, featuring complex structures such as risers, non-mechanical sealing chamber, cyclone, and dipleg. Under varying operating conditions, on the one hand, there are the characteristics of the coexistence of multiple fluidization regimes in the system. On the other hand, there are also non-uniform mesoscale structures such as granular clusters or bubbles in the system. Reasonable quantification of the flow/transport characteristics in the circulating fluidized bed full-loop system is essential to optimize the operating conditions and reactor structure and find the scale-up law of the full-loop system. Previous work has preliminarily proved that the mesoscience-based structural model based on the idea of multi-scale decomposition in mesoscience can take the influence of non-uniform mesoscale structures into account from the perspective of governing equations and constitutive relations, and it has the ability to accurately simulate complex heterogeneous gas-solid systems under different operation conditions. Due to some critical difficulties such as balancing the pressure drop, mesoscale structures and continuous operation, the fast and accurate simulation of the three-dimensional full-loop system has been restricted. Therefore, this work attempts to use the mesoscience-based structural model to predicted the hydrodynamics of the gas-solid flow in two different types of circulating fluidized bed full-loop systems. The simulation results show that compared with experimental data, the mesoscience-based structural model can accurately predict the hydrodynamics of full looping system such as the axial solid concentration, radial solid concentration, radial velocity, and pressure drop distribution with the high computational efficiency. The model has good applicability and robustness under a wide range of operating conditions with high computational efficiency, which is more suitable to predicting the dense gas-solid flows, and it lays a solid foundation for the optimal design and scale-up of circulating fluidized beds on an industrial scale.

Key words: computational fluid dynamics, multiphase flow, fluidized-bed, numerical simulation, full-loop simulation

中图分类号:

TQ021.1

王雅彬, 赵碧丹, 徐繁, 兰斌, 王军武. 基于结构双流体模型的循环流化床全回路模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(8): 4500-4512.

WANG Yabin, ZHAO Bidan, XU Fan, LAN Bin, WANG Junwu. Full-loop simulation of gas-solid flow in CFB unit using mesoscience-based structural model[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(8): 4500-4512.

图/表 17

图1 装置A循环流化床全回路系统示意图1—提升管；2—下降管；3—旋风分离器；4—料封

表1 装置A数值模拟参数设置

参数	数值
颗粒直径d_p/μm	82
颗粒密度ρ_s/kg·m^-3	2450
气体黏度μ_g/Pa·s	1.8872×10^-5
气体密度ρ_g/kg·m^-3	1.1795
装置A提升管高度H/m	5.89
装置A提升管直径ϕ₁/m	0.1
气体入口1速度U₁/m·s^-1	3.8924
气体入口2速度U₂/m·s^-1	0.1125
气体入口3速度U₃/m·s^-1	0.0347
总固体存料量I_s/kg	65
时间步Δt/s𝑡	1×10^-4
统计时长t/s	60
网格数量	50071

图2 装置A循环流化床全回路系统网格示意图

图3 统计稳态的判断标准

图4 不同离散网格数目时，装置A内提升管中时均固含率轴向分布与实验数据对比

图5 装置A内部时均固含率分布云图

图6 装置A内部不同时刻下的固含率分布云图

图7 Li等[23]采用不同组合模型对装置A模拟与本文工作对该装置模拟的轴向固含率分布

图8 装置A中提升管部分不同高度（H），沿主流方向时均固相平均速度和时均固含率的径向分布

图9 带有L阀的循环流化床全回路系统示意图1—提升管；2—下降管；3—旋风分离器；4—L阀

表2 装置B实验及模拟中使用的参数

参数	数值
颗粒直径d_p/μm	802
颗粒密度ρ_s/kg·m^-3	863
气体黏度μ_g/Pa·s	1.8×10^-5
气体密度ρ_g/kg·m^-3	1.1795
装置B提升管高度H₂/m	15.88
装置B提升管直径ϕ₂/m	0.305
时间步Δt/s	1×10^-4
统计时长t/s	60
网格数量	152164

表3 装置B实验及模拟中的操作条件总结

算例	主流气体速度U_g/m·s^-1	总固体存料量I_s/kg
算例1	5.14	820
算例2	5.14	924

图10 装置B循环流化床全回路系统网格示意图

图11 装置B提升管内不同工况下存料量的变化

图12 装置B内部固含率分布云图

图13 装置B中提升管部分高度（1.1m与1.93m处）不同工况时沿主流方向时均固相平均速度的径向分布

图14 装置B提升管内部压力梯度轴向分布

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基于结构双流体模型的循环流化床全回路模拟

Full-loop simulation of gas-solid flow in CFB unit using mesoscience-based structural model

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