基于LCA的废弃PET酶法解聚和碱性水解过程环境影响对比分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1618

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 2788-2797.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1618

• 合成材料利用 • 上一篇

基于LCA的废弃PET酶法解聚和碱性水解过程环境影响对比分析

成韵¹^,²^,³(), 周小力¹^,²^,³(), 曹志强⁴, 周杰¹^,²^,³, 董维亮¹^,²^,³, 姜岷¹^,²^,³()

^1.南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院，江苏南京，211816
^2.南京工业大学材料化学与工程国家重点实验室，江苏南京 211816
^3.南京工业大学废塑料生物催化解聚与循环利用重点实验室，江苏南京 211816
^4.南京工业大学化学工程学院，江苏南京 211816

收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2024-11-02 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-20
通讯作者: 周小力,姜岷
作者简介:成韵（1997—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为废弃塑料回收过程生命周期评价。E-mail：1138140256@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2103600);国家自然科学基金(U23A20126);江苏省合成生物基础研究中心(BK20233003)

Comparison of the environmental impacts of waste PET enzymatic depolymerization and alkaline hydrolysis through LCA

CHENG Yun¹^,²^,³(), ZHOU Xiaoli¹^,²^,³(), CAO Zhiqiang⁴, ZHOU Jie¹^,²^,³, DONG Weiliang¹^,²^,³, JIANG Min¹^,²^,³()

^1.School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering，Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
^3.Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
^4.School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2024-11-02 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-05-20
Contact: ZHOU Xiaoli, JIANG Min

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

废塑料的大量产生和不当处置带来了严重的环境污染问题，废弃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）的回收与循环利用备受关注。近年来废弃PET的酶法解聚技术取得了重大进展，已初具规模化工业应用的潜力。与其他回收方式相比，酶法解聚是否环境友好，是一个亟待探索的问题。本文通过生命周期评价（LCA）方法量化分析了PET的酶法解聚和碱性水解的环境影响及各过程阶段的贡献，并对PET酶法解聚过程进行了敏感性分析。结果表明，PET酶法解聚的各类环境影响均高于碱性水解，其中8项环境指标高出30%以上。主要是原料预处理、酶生产和解聚过程NaOH的使用在PET酶法解聚过程中造成了环境影响；碱性水解的高影响因素主要是解聚过程中电力和NaOH的使用。敏感性分析结果显示，酶负载率、酶产量和电力结构显著影响酶法解聚的环境效益，而固体负载率的影响较小。在酶负载率、酶产量和电力结构同时改善的场景下，PET酶法解聚的各类环境影响指标均低于或者接近碱性水解，说明PET的酶法解聚技术具有较大的发展潜力。

关键词: 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯, 酶法解聚, 碱性水解, 生命周期评价, 环境影响, 敏感性分析

Abstract:

The massive production and improper disposal of waste plastics caused severe environmental pollution issues. The recycling and utilization of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have received broad attention. In recent years, significant progress has been made in enzymatic depolymerization technology for waste PET, which shows potential for scaled industrial application. However, the environmental friendliness of enzymatic depolymerization compared with other recycling methods is still unclear. In this study, the environmental impact and process contribution of PET enzymatic depolymerization and alkaline hydrolysis were quantified through LCA, and the sensitivity analysis of the PET enzymatic depolymerization was constructed. The results show that the various environmental impacts of PET enzymatic depolymerization are higher than those of alkaline hydrolysis, and eight of the ten environmental indicators are more than 30% higher. Raw material pretreatment, enzyme production, and the NaOH usage in the depolymerization process are the main contributors to the environmental impact of the PET enzymatic depolymerization process. The high impact factors of alkaline hydrolysis are mainly the use of electricity and NaOH during the depolymerization process. The sensitivity analysis shows that enzyme loading rate, enzyme production, and electricity structure significantly affect the environmental benefits of enzymatic depolymerization, while the impact of solid loading rate is relatively small. Under the scenario where enzyme loading rate, enzyme production, and electricity structure are simultaneously improved, the various environmental impact indicators of PET enzymatic depolymerization are lower than or close to alkaline hydrolysis, indicating that the PET enzymatic depolymerization technology has great development potential.

Key words: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), enzymatic depolymerization, alkaline hydrolysis, life cycle assessment (LCA), wnvironmental impact, sensitivity analysis

中图分类号:

TQ32

成韵, 周小力, 曹志强, 周杰, 董维亮, 姜岷. 基于LCA的废弃PET酶法解聚和碱性水解过程环境影响对比分析[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2788-2797.

CHENG Yun, ZHOU Xiaoli, CAO Zhiqiang, ZHOU Jie, DONG Weiliang, JIANG Min. Comparison of the environmental impacts of waste PET enzymatic depolymerization and alkaline hydrolysis through LCA[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2788-2797.

图/表 7

图1 场景1和2的系统边界图

表1 场景1和场景2生命周期清单

流程	物料	场景1能耗	场景2能耗
预处理^①	废弃PET瓶	-926kg/h	-926kg/h
	电	-879kWh/h	-315kWh/h
	PET粉末	801kg/h	801kg/h
解聚	PET粉末	-801kg/h	-801kg/h
	水	-4000^②kg/h	-4000^③kg/h
	NaOH	-331^②kg/h	-360^③kg/h
	酶	-1.6^②kg/h	—
	蒸汽	-892^④MJ/h	—
	电	—	-985^④kWh/h
	碱水解液	—	5505kg/h
	酶解液	5133.6kg/h	—
产品回收^⑤	碱水解液	—	－5488.98kg/h
	酶解液	-5053.5kg/h	—
	硫酸	-405kg/h	-441kg/h
	电	-16kWh/h	-17kWh/h
	NaOH	-10kg/h	-11kg/h
	蒸汽	-164MJ/h	-173MJ/h
	电	-71kWh/h	-77kWh/h
	TPA	624kg/h	678kg/h
	EG	231kg/h	251kg/h
	SS	536kg/h	583kg/h

图2 场景1与场景2的环境影响指标（除WD和POF外均为当量值）WD—水资源消耗；TA—陆地酸化；POF—光化学氧化物生成；PMF—颗粒物形成；OD—臭氧层消耗；MEU—海洋富营养化；HT—人类毒性；FEC—淡水生态毒性；FD—化石燃料消耗；GW—全球变暖潜力

图3 场景1的环境关键因子识别WD—水资源消耗；TA—陆地酸化；POF—光化学氧化物生成；PMF—颗粒物形成；OD—臭氧层消耗；MEU—海洋富营养化；HT—人类毒性；FEC—淡水生态毒性；FD—化石燃料消耗；GW—全球变暖潜力

图4 场景2的环境关键因子识别WD—水资源消耗；TA—陆地酸化；POF—光化学氧化物生成；PMF—颗粒物形成；OD—臭氧层消耗；MEU—海洋富营养化；HT—人类毒性；FEC—淡水生态毒性；FD—化石燃料消耗；GW—全球变暖潜力

图5 改变解聚条件后的LCA结果对比WD—水资源消耗；TA—陆地酸化；POF—光化学氧化物生成；PMF—颗粒物形成；OD—臭氧层消耗；MEU—海洋富营养化；HT—人类毒性；FEC—淡水生态毒性；FD—化石燃料消耗；GW—全球变暖潜力

图6 不同技术提升案例下各影响指标对比图（除WD和POF外均为当量值）WD—水资源消耗；TA—陆地酸化；POF—光化学氧化物生成；PMF—颗粒物形成；OD—臭氧层消耗；MEU—海洋富营养化；HT—人类毒性；FEC—淡水生态毒性；FD—化石燃料消耗；GW—全球变暖潜力

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基于LCA的废弃PET酶法解聚和碱性水解过程环境影响对比分析

Comparison of the environmental impacts of waste PET enzymatic depolymerization and alkaline hydrolysis through LCA

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