酵母细胞工厂用于木质纤维素生物转化研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1869

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质纤维素被公认为是一种具有环境效益的可再生原料，对其开发和利用可以最大限度地减少食品和能源供应之间的竞争。但是，木质纤维素复杂的组分和结构需要高成本的转化技术以实现其广泛利用。而从生物炼制的角度，需要开发高性能微生物细胞工厂，实现木质纤维素原料中多碳源协同利用并转化为各种生物燃料和化学品。其中，酵母菌由于高鲁棒性和高密度发酵等优点成为了性能优异的细胞工厂底盘宿主。迄今为止，利用代谢工程和合成生物学技术构建的酵母细胞工厂广泛应用于木质纤维素生物转化。本文总结并讨论了将木质纤维素作为替代原料并使用酵母平台作为木质纤维素炼制厂的技术进展，为促进经济可行的木质纤维素原料替代提供新的见解和方向。

关键词: 可替代原料, 木质纤维素, 酵母菌, 生物炼制, 代谢工程

Abstract:

Lignocellulose has been recognized as a renewable feedstock with environmental benefits, and its utilization can minimize the competition between food and energy supply. However, the complex composition and structure of lignocellulose make the efficient conversion and low-cost production challenging. Developing powerful microbial systems that can convert multiple carbon sources from lignocellulose into various biofuels and chemicals, is crucial for lignocellulosic biorefinery. Among various microorganisms, yeasts have become excellent cell factories due to their high robustness and high-density fermentation, which promotes lignocellulose biotransformation via metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. This review summarized and discussed the advanced progresses on constructing yeast platforms for lignocellulosic biorefinery, providing new insights and directions for promoting economically viable lignocellulose as an alternative feedstock.

Key words: alternative raw materials, lignocellulose, yeast, biorefinery, metabolic engineering

中图分类号:

Q819

倪新, 高教琪, 周雍进. 酵母细胞工厂用于木质纤维素生物转化研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2475-2488.

NI Xin, GAO Jiaoqi, ZHOU Yongjin. Progress on yeast cell factory for lignocellulose biotransformation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2475-2488.

图/表 7

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改造策略	菌株	靶点基因	效果	参考文献
强化木糖转运蛋白	S.cerevisiae	AN25	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[48]
	S. cerevisiae	HXT2		[49]
	S. cerevisiae	CYC8	木糖消耗速度提高了1.5倍	[50]
	S. cerevisiae	HXT7(F79S)	木糖消耗速度提高了2倍	[37]
	S. cerevisiae	Cs4130	木糖消耗速度增加了30%	[51]
	S. cerevisiae	SpXUT1	木糖消耗速度提高了25%	[52]
强化木糖代谢	S. cerevisiae	PMR1		[56]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔPHO13, TAL1	木糖消耗速度提高3.4倍	[57]
	S. cerevisiae	Hxt7m, CpXI, PsXK, PsTAL1, PsTKL1,	在木糖中的生长速度提高了72%	[37]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔYPR1, ΔGRE3, ΔASK10
	Y.lipolytica	SsXYL1, ssXYL2	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[58]
	Y. lipolytica	SsXYL1, ssXYL2, ylXYL3, Δpax1-6, Δtgl4, GPD1, DHA2	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[59]
	Y. lipolytica	ylXDH, ylXR, ylXK, anXPKA, anACK	木糖消耗速度显著提升，工程菌株能够在96h内同步消耗共计45g/L的葡萄糖和木糖	[60]
转录因子调控	Y. lipolytica	Δpex10∷DGA1, XylA, XK	木糖消耗速度显著提升，工程菌株能够同步利用芒草水解液中的67.9g/L葡萄糖和49.2g/L木糖	[61]
	P.pastoris	PsXYL1	可以将半纤维素水解物中的木糖转化为木糖醇	[62]
	S.cerevisiae	ΔGCR2	木糖消耗速度提高2.1倍	[63]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔTHI2	木糖消耗速度提高1.27倍	[64]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔSNF6, ΔRGT1, ΔCAT8, ΔMSN4	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[38]

改造策略	菌株	靶点基因	效果	参考文献
强化木糖转运蛋白	S.cerevisiae	AN25	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[48]
	S. cerevisiae	HXT2		[49]
	S. cerevisiae	CYC8	木糖消耗速度提高了1.5倍	[50]
	S. cerevisiae	HXT7(F79S)	木糖消耗速度提高了2倍	[37]
	S. cerevisiae	Cs4130	木糖消耗速度增加了30%	[51]
	S. cerevisiae	SpXUT1	木糖消耗速度提高了25%	[52]
强化木糖代谢	S. cerevisiae	PMR1		[56]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔPHO13, TAL1	木糖消耗速度提高3.4倍	[57]
	S. cerevisiae	Hxt7m, CpXI, PsXK, PsTAL1, PsTKL1,	在木糖中的生长速度提高了72%	[37]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔYPR1, ΔGRE3, ΔASK10
	Y.lipolytica	SsXYL1, ssXYL2	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[58]
	Y. lipolytica	SsXYL1, ssXYL2, ylXYL3, Δpax1-6, Δtgl4, GPD1, DHA2	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[59]
	Y. lipolytica	ylXDH, ylXR, ylXK, anXPKA, anACK	木糖消耗速度显著提升，工程菌株能够在96h内同步消耗共计45g/L的葡萄糖和木糖	[60]
转录因子调控	Y. lipolytica	Δpex10∷DGA1, XylA, XK	木糖消耗速度显著提升，工程菌株能够同步利用芒草水解液中的67.9g/L葡萄糖和49.2g/L木糖	[61]
	P.pastoris	PsXYL1	可以将半纤维素水解物中的木糖转化为木糖醇	[62]
	S.cerevisiae	ΔGCR2	木糖消耗速度提高2.1倍	[63]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔTHI2	木糖消耗速度提高1.27倍	[64]
	S. cerevisiae	ΔSNF6, ΔRGT1, ΔCAT8, ΔMSN4	木糖消耗速度显著提升	[38]

改造策略	菌株	靶点基因	效果	参考文献
增强木糖转运	O. polymorpha	HXT1 ^N³⁵⁸^A	木糖消耗率提高1.73倍	[68]
转录因子全局调控	O. polymorpha	ΔCAT8	木糖转化为乙醇的收率提高了50%	[69]
转录因子全局调控	O. polymorpha	ΔATG13	木糖的消耗显著提高	[70]
增强木糖转运	K. marxianus	CiGXF1	木糖醇生产效率显著提高	[71]
增强木糖转运和代谢	O. polymorpha	HXT1, PsPXI, XK	同步利用木质纤维素水解液中的57g/L 木糖和111g/L葡萄糖生产7g/L的脂肪酸	[75]
转录因子全局调控	O. polymorpha	ΔMig1, ΔMig2, ΔTup1, ΔHap4	促进了葡萄糖和木糖的共利用	[76]
转录因子全局调控	S. stipitis	ΔHXK1	促进了葡萄糖和木糖的共利用	[77]
转录因子全局调控及木糖代谢的强化	K. marxianus	ΔKmSNF1, ΔKmHXK1, NcXYL1, ScGAL2(N376F)	高效同步利用玉米芯水解液中的葡萄糖和木糖生产木糖醇	[78]

改造策略	菌株	靶点基因	效果	参考文献
增强木糖转运	O. polymorpha	HXT1 ^N³⁵⁸^A	木糖消耗率提高1.73倍	[68]
转录因子全局调控	O. polymorpha	ΔCAT8	木糖转化为乙醇的收率提高了50%	[69]
转录因子全局调控	O. polymorpha	ΔATG13	木糖的消耗显著提高	[70]
增强木糖转运	K. marxianus	CiGXF1	木糖醇生产效率显著提高	[71]
增强木糖转运和代谢	O. polymorpha	HXT1, PsPXI, XK	同步利用木质纤维素水解液中的57g/L 木糖和111g/L葡萄糖生产7g/L的脂肪酸	[75]
转录因子全局调控	O. polymorpha	ΔMig1, ΔMig2, ΔTup1, ΔHap4	促进了葡萄糖和木糖的共利用	[76]
转录因子全局调控	S. stipitis	ΔHXK1	促进了葡萄糖和木糖的共利用	[77]
转录因子全局调控及木糖代谢的强化	K. marxianus	ΔKmSNF1, ΔKmHXK1, NcXYL1, ScGAL2(N376F)	高效同步利用玉米芯水解液中的葡萄糖和木糖生产木糖醇	[78]

菌株	底物	靶点基因	效果	参考文献
S. cerevisiae	木糖	CCR4, TIF1	木糖发酵的比生长速率分别提高了23%和14%	[82]
S. cerevisiae	木糖	PHO13	木糖发酵的比生长速率提高了8.2倍	[73]
S. cerevisiae	木糖	HasXI的拷贝数增加	进化菌株同步利用了玉米芯水解液中的180g/L 葡萄糖和70g/L木糖生产了72g/L的乙醇	[38]
K. marxianus	木糖		进化菌株的木糖利用速率提高了3倍	[84]
Y. lipolytica	木糖和葡萄糖类似物 2-脱氧葡萄糖	YALI0_E23287g, YALI0_E15488g HXT2.4	进化的菌株可以共代谢木糖和葡萄糖	[85]
S. passalidarum	木糖和葡萄糖类似物 2-脱氧葡萄糖	STD1, PMC1, SMF2	进化菌株可以同时利用葡萄糖和木糖	[86]
S. stipitis	木糖和葡萄糖类似物 2-脱氧葡萄糖	SNF5, GPD1, ADH6, CCH1	进化菌株可以同时利用葡萄糖和木糖	[86]
S. cerevisiae	葡萄糖和木糖的切换		进化菌株在木糖上的生长速度提高了3.6倍	[37]