工业气固流化床内流场的CFD-PBM数值模拟和结构优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

流化床内的多级几何结构影响其内流体的动力学、热力学以及化学反应等参数，对于流化床内流场的数值模拟研究有助于理解其内复杂的流动特性，建立流化床的几何结构和操作条件优化的理论基础，从而提高流化床的传质效率和性能。以计算流体力学理论为基础建立了气固流化床内流场的数值模拟方法，研究了风帽的几何结构、筒径和帽檐长度对工业气固流化床内流场的影响规律。在此基础上，结合群体平衡方程矩方法，构建了计算流体力学-群体平衡模型（computational fluid dynamics-population balance model，CFD-PBM），利用该模型建立了工业气固流化床中纳米颗粒流化状态和团聚行为的数值模拟方法，进一步验证了筒径对流化床内纳米颗粒流化状态的影响规律。研究表明，筒径为260mm时，风帽四周气速分布均匀且风帽下端气流死区面积最小；帽檐长度为风帽出风口尺寸的1/2时，流化床内气速分布更均匀。

关键词: 流化床, 计算流体力学-群体平衡模型, 数值模拟, 优化设计, 纳米颗粒

Abstract:

The multi-level geometric structures within a fluidized bed influence the dynamics, thermodynamics, and chemical reactions of the internal fluids. Numerical simulation studies of the flow field inside fluidized beds contribute to understanding their complex flow characteristics, establishing a theoretical basis for optimizing the geometric structure and operating conditions of the fluidized beds, thereby enhancing their mass transfer efficiency and performance. Based on computational fluid dynamics theory, a method for the numerical simulation of the flow field within gas-solid fluidized beds was developed. The study investigated the effects of the geometry of the distributor, the diameter of the bed, and the length of the distributor's brim on the flow field within the industrial gas-solid fluidized bed. On this basis, by integrating the Quadrature Method of Moments, a CFD-PBM coupled model was constructed. Utilizing this model, a numerical simulation method for the fluidization state and agglomeration behavior of nanoparticles in the industrial gas-solid fluidized bed was developed, further validating the influence of barrel diameter on the fluidization state of nanoparticles within the fluidized bed. The study indicated that when the diameter was 260mm, the gas velocity distribution around the distributor was uniform, and the dead zone of airflow at the bottom of the distributor was minimized. When the brim length was half the size of the distributor's outlet, the gas velocity distribution within the fluidized bed was more uniform.

Key words: fluidized-bed, computational fluid dynamics-population balance model, numerical simulation, optimal design, nanoparticles

中图分类号:

TQ051.1

毛宁轩, 万小维, 鞠杰, 胡彦杰, 江浩. 工业气固流化床内流场的CFD-PBM数值模拟和结构优化[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 13-20.

MAO Ningxuan, WAN Xiaowei, JU Jie, HU Yanjie, JIANG Hao. Numerical simulation and structural optimization of flow field in industrial gas-solid fluidized beds based on CFD-PBM[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 13-20.

图/表 13

图1 流化段不同筒径模型示意图(单位：mm)

图2 流化床流化段网格图

图3 不同筒径流化床内中轴面云图和不同高度截面云图

图4 不同筒径流化床内中轴线速度和中轴面速度分布云图

图5 不同筒径流化床内风帽出口处速度矢量流线图

图6 200mm筒径流化段中轴面不同高度固相体积分数分布图

图7 260mm筒径流化段中轴面不同高度固相体积分数分布图

图8 300mm筒径流化段中轴面不同高度固相体积分数分布图

图9 350mm筒径流化段中轴面不同高度固相体积分数分布图

图10 流化段不同帽檐长度模型示意图

图11 不同帽檐长度流化床内中轴面云图和不同高度截面云图

图12 不同帽檐长度流化床内中轴线速度和中轴面速度分布云图

图13 不同帽檐长度流化床内风帽出口处速度矢量流线图

参考文献 31

1	罗美芳, 胡彦杰, 赵映红, 等. 纳米二氧化硅的流态化行为及卧式流化床多釜串联模型[J]. 过程工程学报, 2010, 10(2): 221-225.
	LUO Meifang, HU Yanjie, ZHAO Yinghong, et al. Fluidization properties and tanks-in-series model of silica nanoparticles in a horizontal rectangular fluidized bed[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2010, 10(2): 221-225.
2	刘信瑀, 张海涛, 马宏方, 等. 工业聚乙烯流化床的气固流动特性数值模拟[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 48(6): 736-743.
	LIU Xinyu, ZHANG Haitao, MA Hongfang, et al. Numerical simulation of gas solid flow characteristics in industrial polyethylene fluidized bed[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2022, 48(6): 736-743.
3	杨春振, 陈成敏, 刘光霞, 等. CFD-DEM模型并行化及其在流化床气固流动中的应用[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(7): 2748-2755.
	YANG Chunzhen, CHEN Chengmin, LIU Guangxia, et al. Parallel algorithm of CFD-DEM model and applications on gas-solids flow in fluidized beds[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(7): 2748-2755.
4	罗健威, 金保昇, 胡华军, 等. 双流化床全场气固流动的数值模拟研究[J]. 工业控制计算机, 2021, 34(6): 8-9.
	LUO Jianwei, JIN Baosheng, HU Huajun, et al. Numerical simulation of full-field gas-solid flow in dual fluidized bed[J]. Industrial Control Computer, 2021, 34(6): 8-9.
5	刘松利, 朱奎松, 向俊一, 等. 钛渣流态化氯化流动特性的数值模拟[J]. 重庆大学学报, 2015, 38(5): 157-163.
	LIU Songli, ZHU Kuisong, XIANG Junyi, et al. Numerical simulation for flow characterisitcs in titanium slag fluidization[J]. Journal of Chongqing University, 2015, 38(5): 157-163.
6	邱沫凡, 蒋琳, 刘荣正, 等. 气固流化床化学反应数值模拟中颗粒尺度模型研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5047-5058.
	QIU Mofan, JIANG Lin, LIU Rongzheng, et al. Research progress of particle-scale model in chemical reaction numerical simulation of gas-solid fluidized bed[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5047-5058.
7	TAGHIPOUR Fariborz, ELLIS Naoko, WONG Clayton. Experimental and computational study of gas-solid fluidized bed hydrodynamics[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2005, 60(24): 6857-6867.
8	Wang Shuai, Shen Yansong. Particle-scale study of heat and mass transfer in a bubbling fluidised bed[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2021, 240: 116655.
9	蔡冬莹, 王跃林, 段先建, 等. 预混合高速射流燃烧反应器内温度场的数值模拟[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 46(2): 173-178.
	CAI Dongying, WANG Yuelin, DUAN Xianjian, et al. Numerical simulation of temperature field in premixed high-speed jet flame reactor[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2020, 46(2): 173-178.
10	段先健, 鞠杰, 胡彦杰, 等. 多重射流燃烧反应器制备纳米二氧化硅颗粒的数值模拟[J]. 有机硅材料, 2022, 36(1): 21-26.
	DUAN Xianjian, JU Jie, HU Yanjie, et al. Numerical simulation of preparation of SiO₂ nanoparticles in a multi-jet combustion reactor[J]. Silicone Material, 2022, 36(1): 21-26.
11	宁靖卫, 胡彦杰, 李春忠, 等. 多重射流气相燃烧反应器内三维流场的数值模拟[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 38(5): 546-552.
	NING Jingwei, HU Yanjie, LI Chunzhong, et al. Three dimensional numerical simulation of combustion flow in multi-jet combustion reactor[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2012, 38(5): 546-552.
12	LIU Daoyin, CHEN Xiaoping, ZHOU Wu, et al. Simulation of char and propane combustion in a fluidized bed by extending DEM-CFD approach[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011, 33(2): 2701-2708.
13	XIE Jun, ZHONG Wenqi, SHAO Yingjuan. Study on the char combustion in a fluidized bed by CFD-DEM simulations: Influences of fuel properties[J]. Powder Technology, 2021, 394: 20-34.
14	王云飞, 秦蕊, 郑利军, 等. 旋转填充床CFD模拟研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 1-9.
	WANG Yunfei, QIN Rui, ZHENG Lijun, et al. Research progress of rotating packed bed simulation through CFD method[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 1-9.
15	魏新利, 李慧, 张军. 计算流体动力学(CFD)在化工领域的应用[J]. 化工时刊, 2006(2): 63-65.
	WEI Xinli, LI Hui, ZHANG Jun. Applications of computational fluid dynamics in chemical engineering field[J]. Chemical Industry Times, 2006(2): 63-65.
16	李宗哲, 王黎望, 陈迩文, 等. 旋流流化床数值模拟及颗粒运动分析[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 48(4): 556-564.
	LI Zongzhe, WANG Liwang, CHEN Erwen, et al. Numerical simulation and motion analysis of particles in cyclone fluidized bed[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2022, 48(4): 556-564.
17	刘巍, 张艳莉, 沙海飞, 等. CFD模拟与流化床气体分布板的结构设计[J]. 计算机与应用化学, 2010, 27(3): 415-419.
	LIU Wei, ZHANG Yanli, SHA Haifei, et al. CFD modeling and structure design of gas distributor for fluidized bed[J]. Computers and Applied Chemistry, 2010, 27(3): 415-419.
18	胡景辉, 董利, 汪印, 等. U形流化床流体动力学特性[J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(12): 3100-3106.
	HU Jinghui, DONG Li, WANG Yin, et al. Fluid dynamics in laboratory U-shaped fluidized bed[J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 61(12): 3100-3106.
19	SHAHZAD Saqib, NADEEM Muhammad, HAMID Adnan, et al. CFD simulation of mesoscale structures in mono and bidispersed fluidized bed pyrolysis reactors[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2022, 162: 105459.
20	DUAN Jihai, FANG Le, GAO Shun, et al. Numerical simulation and structural optimization of multi-compartment fluidized bed reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 2019, 140: 114-126.
21	SINGH Pavitra, KALITA Pankaj, MAHANTA Pinakeswar. Numerical study of the hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics of gas-solid in a slit-less rotating fluidized bed in static geometry[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2020, 141: 2647-2656.
22	禹言芳, 李毓, 孟辉波, 等. Lightnin静态混合器内气液两相混合与传质强化特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6180-6190.
	YU Yanfang, LI Yu, MENG Huibo, et al. Enhancement of gas-liquid flow mixing and mass transfer in Lightnin
	static mixer[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(12): 6180-6190.
23	王超, 钱冬, 张琳, 等. 气液固流化床气泡特性及气含率预测模型[J]. 天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), 2023, 56(7): 723-734.
	WANG Chao, QIAN Dong, ZHANG Lin, et al. Bubble characteristics and prediction model of gas holdup in the gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed[J]. Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology), 2023, 56(7): 723-734.
24	HASANPOOR Saeed, MANSOURPOUR Zahra, MOSTOUFI Navid. Numerical investigation of agglomeration phenomenon in fluidized beds by a combined CFD-DEM/PBM technique[J]. Engineering Computations, 2021, 38(3): 1303-1329.
25	ZHOU Xiuhong, MA Yongli, LIU Mingyan, et al. CFD-PBM simulations on hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer in a gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 362: 57-74.
26	ZHANG Chunhua, LU Bona, WANG Wei, et al. CFD simulation of an industrial MTO fluidized bed by coupling a population balance model of coke content[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 446: 136849.
27	LIU Yingjie, GUO Shibao, ZHU Jingxu. Euler multiphase-CFD simulation on a bubble-driven gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed[J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 101(7): 4255-4269.
28	崔文越. 基于CFD-PBM耦合模型的气液两相流反应器建模与数值分析[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2020.
	CUI Wenyue. Modeling and numerical analysis of gas-liquid flow reactor based on CFD-PBM coupled model[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2020.
29	SAFFMAN P G F, TURNER J S. On the collision of drops in turbulent clouds[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1956, 1(1): 16-30.
30	SCHMOLUCHOWSKI M V. Versuch einen mathematischen theorie der koagulationstechnik kolloider lösungen[J]. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 1917, 92: 129-168.
31	MARCHISIO Daniele L, DENNIS VIGIL R, Rodney O FOX. Implementation of the quadrature method of moments in CFD codes for aggregation-breakage problems[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58(15): 3337-3351.

[1]	杨会民, 杜加丽, 权亚文, 吴升潇, 靳皎, 吴峰. 侧喷嘴下行床内热量传递特性CFD模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 32-42.
[2]	尹少武, 黄若萧, 昝晓君, 童莉葛, 刘传平, 王立. 基于CPCM正六边形砖的蓄热储能系统设计与蓄放热模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 243-254.
[3]	张伟业, 朱晓武, 罗永皓, 王志. 复合型叶序微流道混合性能的数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 154-165.
[4]	张天昊, 李双喜, 贾祥际, 胡鼎国, 崔瑞焯, 李世聪. 干摩擦釜用机械密封DLC涂层-石墨配副摩擦磨损与温度变形场分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 121-133.
[5]	吴宇琦, 李江涛, 丁建智, 宋秀兰, 苏冰琴. 焙烧镁铝水滑石脱除厌氧消化沼气中CO₂的效果及机制[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 5250-5261.
[6]	孙启超, 聂美华, 伍联营, 胡仰栋. 风光储一体化水电联产系统的优化设计及调度[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 4882-4891.
[7]	潘涵婷, 徐洪涛, 许多, 罗祝清. 低温条件下基于相变材料的锂离子电池保温特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(8): 4333-4341.
[8]	马永丽, 李沐阳, 马子皓, 王浩然, 王茂隆, 费瑶寒, 张露滨, 刘明言. 火星上的气固流态化模拟实验[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(8): 4203-4209.
[9]	蒋静智, 邵国伟, 崔海亭, 李洪涛, 杨奇. 三套管式加肋相变蓄热单元的强化传热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(8): 4210-4221.
[10]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 蔡萌, 李新亚. 堵塞工况下水力旋流器流场特性及性能分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3776-3786.
[11]	王庆泰, 张赛, 王杰敏. 全钒液流电池多孔电极非均匀压缩的数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 2940-2949.
[12]	熊远帆, 李华山, 龚宇烈. 非共沸工质蒸发式冷凝器多目标优化设计[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 2950-2960.
[13]	智远, 马吉亮, 陈晓平, 刘道银, 梁财. 流化床喷雾浸渍制备负载型钠基CO₂吸附剂脱碳性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 2961-2967.
[14]	田小蝶, 何兆禹, 张鹏. 具有疏水性表面的智能调温纺织品的制备及其性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 3247-3255.
[15]	王东亮, 李婧玮, 孟文亮, 杨勇, 周怀荣, 范宗良. 二氧化碳加氢制甲醇过程碳氢利用率的影响因素与工艺优化分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2843-2850.