厨余垃圾厌氧发酵定向产酸的影响因素

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1608

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着垃圾分类工作不断推进落实，厨余垃圾的分出量急剧增长。由于其极易变质，在收集、运输和储存过程中可能会对环境造成二次污染，厨余垃圾的处理问题逐渐成为人们的研究热点。现有的主要处理技术有填埋、焚烧、好氧堆肥、厌氧发酵等，由于焚烧和填埋的方式是非常不环保的，好氧堆肥和厌氧发酵具有良好的资源化属性，水解产酸是厌氧发酵技术的一个研究方向，厨余垃圾是产酸的合适原料。因此，本文针对水解产酸技术发展进行了梳理和分析，基于厨余垃圾水解产酸的代谢机理，重点介绍了影响厨余垃圾产酸效果的两种因素，即水解微生物和水解条件。针对挥发性脂肪酸的不同应用场合，分别讨论了其所需的酸类组成，分析总结了不同产酸微生物的类别及其产酸效果，在不同pH、温度、有机负荷以及投加试剂的条件下其对产酸的影响，并针对定向产酸需求提出解决方案，希望为未来研究提供支持。

关键词: 水解, 厌氧, 定向产酸, 厨余垃圾, 水解微生物, 挥发性脂肪酸

Abstract:

With the continuous promotion of refuse classification, the amount of food waste has rapidly increased. Because food waste easily goes bad, it may cause secondary pollution during collection, transportation and storage. Therefore, the disposal of food waste has gradually become a research hotspot. The main existing treatment technologies include landfill, incineration, aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, etc. Since incineration and landfill are not environmentally friendly, aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation are more conducive to the conversion of waste into resources. Hydrolysis and acid production is a research direction of anaerobic fermentation technology, and food waste is a suitable raw material for acid production. Therefore, this article reviewed and analyzed the development of hydrolysis acid production technology. Based on the metabolic mechanism of hydrolysis acid production from food waste, it focused on two factors that affect the acid production effect of food waste, namely hydrolysis microorganisms and hydrolysis conditions. For different application occasions of volatile fatty acids, the required acid composition was discussed, and the types of acid-producing microorganisms and their acid-producing effects were analyzed and summarized. The effects of different pH, temperature, organic load and reagents on acid-producing were analyzed, and solutions were proposed for targeted acid-producing, hoping to provide support for future research.

Key words: hydrolysis, anaerobic, directional acid production, food waste, hydrolysis microorganisms, volatile fatty acids

中图分类号:

X705

孙文瑾, 王雪梅, 李子富. 厨余垃圾厌氧发酵定向产酸的影响因素[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5778-5790.

SUN Wenjin, WANG Xuemei, LI Zifu. Influencing factors of directional acid production by anaerobic fermentation of food waste[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5778-5790.

图/表 6

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菌种	碳源	培养模式	时间/h	温度/℃	pH	乙酸产量/g⋅L^-1	参考文献
A. woodii	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	840	30	6.8	29.57	[52]
C. ljungdahlii	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	100	37	4~6	1.30	[53]
Clostridium sp. BXX	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	104	30	7.0	0.12	[54]
Clostridium sp. YD09	木质纤维素	分批培养	30	37	6.5	0.41	[55]
M. thermoacetica	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	288	30	6.8	17.10	[52]

菌种	碳源	培养模式	时间/h	温度/℃	pH	乙酸产量/g⋅L^-1	参考文献
A. woodii	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	840	30	6.8	29.57	[52]
C. ljungdahlii	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	100	37	4~6	1.30	[53]
Clostridium sp. BXX	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	104	30	7.0	0.12	[54]
Clostridium sp. YD09	木质纤维素	分批培养	30	37	6.5	0.41	[55]
M. thermoacetica	CO₂/H₂	分批培养	288	30	6.8	17.10	[52]

菌种	碳源	培养模式	时间/h	温度/℃	pH	丙酸产量/g⋅L^-1	参考文献
P. acidipropionici	甘油	分批培养	240	30	7.0	47.28	[60]
P. acidipropionici	木糖	分批培养	228	30	6.0	53.20	[61]
P. acidipropionici	玉米糖蜜	分批培养	240	30	6.0	71.80	[61]
P. freudenreichii	糖蜜	分批培养	254	35	6.0	91.89	[62]
P. freudenreichii	乳清乳糖	重复分批、补料分批	688	30	6.0	28.70	[63]
P. freudenreichii	面粉水解物	重复分批、补料分批	973	30	初始6.5，87h后调整为6.0	35.00	[63]

菌种	碳源	培养模式	时间/h	温度/℃	pH	丙酸产量/g⋅L^-1	参考文献
P. acidipropionici	甘油	分批培养	240	30	7.0	47.28	[60]
P. acidipropionici	木糖	分批培养	228	30	6.0	53.20	[61]
P. acidipropionici	玉米糖蜜	分批培养	240	30	6.0	71.80	[61]
P. freudenreichii	糖蜜	分批培养	254	35	6.0	91.89	[62]
P. freudenreichii	乳清乳糖	重复分批、补料分批	688	30	6.0	28.70	[63]
P. freudenreichii	面粉水解物	重复分批、补料分批	973	30	初始6.5，87h后调整为6.0	35.00	[63]

菌种	碳源	培养模式	时间/h	温度/℃	pH	丁酸产量/g⋅L^-1	参考文献
C. butyricum	木薯淀粉	分批培养	120	37	6.0	20.86	[67]
C. thermobutyricum	甜高粱汁和蔗渣	分批培养	55	50	5.0	15.50	[68]
C. tyrobutyricum	玉米	分批培养	—	37	6.0	32.80	[69]
C. tyrobutyricum	水稻秸秆	补料分批	64	40	4.5	26.25	[70]
C. tyrobutyricum	咖啡渣	分批培养	—	37	6.0	34.30	[71]
C. tyrobutyricum	褐藻和稻草	分批培养	50	37	6.8	14.77	[72]