溶剂脱沥青技术应用与进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

溶剂脱沥青可拓宽原料组成及性质限制范围，避免高残炭及高金属含量制约，与转化工艺灵活组合可处理分子量大、氢含量低、杂质含量高的渣油、油浆及油砂沥青等，显著提高转化率、降低装置操作苛刻度、提高经济效益。本文分析了溶剂脱沥青技术特点及国内外工业化溶剂脱沥青技术应用情况和实施效果，综述了以溶剂脱沥青技术为上游或下游工艺的氢转化、裂化、气化等组合工艺最新进展。以低碳数烃类、CO₂及其改性剂、共沉淀剂分类阐述了溶剂作用及研发进展，分析了塔及内构件结构优化、设备改造的新技术，指出未来仍需对溶剂脱沥青技术进行更多基础和优化研究。提出进一步提高抽提效率、降能耗，扩大在非常规原油改质中的应用，将劣质油/油砂/未转化油直接或间接转化为高附加值化学品等可能是溶剂脱沥青技术的未来发展方向。

关键词: 溶剂脱沥青, 渣油, 萃取, 分离, 超临界, 工艺流程

Abstract:

Solvent deasphalting can broaden the limited range of raw material composition and properties to avoid the restriction of high carbon residue and high metal content. The flexible combination of solvent deasphalting and conversion process can deal with residual oil, oil slurry and oil sand asphalt with large molecular weight, low hydrogen content and high impurity content, significantly improve the conversion rate, reduce the severity of unit operation, and improve economic benefits. The characteristics of solvent deasphalting technology are analyzed, and the application and implementation effects of solvent deasphalting technology successfully industrialized at home and abroad are summarized. The latest progress of hydrogen conversion, cracking, gasification and other combined processes with solvent deasphalting technology as upstream or downstream process are reviewed. The solvent action and R&D progress are described based on the classification of low carbon hydrocarbons, CO₂ and its modifiers, and coprecipitators. The new technologies for tower and internal structure optimization and equipment transformation are analyzed. It is pointed out that more basic and optimization research on solvent deasphalting technology are needed in the future. It is proposed that the future development direction of solvent deasphalting technology may be to further improve extraction efficiency, reduce energy consumption, expand the application in unconventional crude oil upgrading, and directly or indirectly convert poor oil/oil sand/unconverted oil into high value-added chemicals.

Key words: solvent deasphalting, residue, extraction, separation, supercritical, process

中图分类号:

TE624

廖志新, 罗涛, 王红, 孔佳骏, 申海平, 管翠诗, 王翠红, 佘玉成. 溶剂脱沥青技术应用与进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4573-4586.

LIAO Zhixin, LUO Tao, WANG Hong, KONG Jiajun, SHEN Haiping, GUAN Cuishi, WANG Cuihong, SHE Yucheng. Application and progress of solvent deasphalting technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4573-4586.

图/表 13

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专利授权公司	产能 /桶·天^-1	溶剂	产品/用途
美国Placid Oil	11500	nC₄	流化床催化裂化/燃料油
美国Holly Corp	11500	C₄	加氢处理/沥青
欧洲某公司	12500	C₄	热转化/焦化
日本JX能源	18000	重质	加氢脱硫/燃料
芬兰耐思特石油	22400	重质	加氢裂化/燃料
美国塔尔萨	15000	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青/燃料
比利时安特卫普	48000	C₄	加氢处理/燃料/道路沥青
沙特阿美石油	12000	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青
印度斯坦石油	13600	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青
伊拉克SRC	48000	C₅	加氢处理/燃料
泰石油IRPC提能	13200	C₃	润滑油/沥青
意大利埃尼	15000	iC₄	流化床催化裂化/气化
美国阿蒂西亚	30000	nC₄~iC₅	加氢裂化/道路沥青
中国某公司	16500	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青
日本JX能源	20000	C₅/C₆	加氢处理/燃料油
韩国SK	20000	C₃	加氢处理/道路沥青
亚洲某公司	25000	C₃	加氢处理/焦化
波兰Lotos	54000	C₄/C₅	流化床催化裂化/加氢处理/燃料油
印度尼西亚Pertamina	57000	C₃	加氢处理/焦化
印度Visakh	62250	—	沸腾床加氢
波兰PKN ORLEN	—	—	渣油流化催化裂化

专利授权公司	产能 /桶·天^-1	溶剂	产品/用途
美国Placid Oil	11500	nC₄	流化床催化裂化/燃料油
美国Holly Corp	11500	C₄	加氢处理/沥青
欧洲某公司	12500	C₄	热转化/焦化
日本JX能源	18000	重质	加氢脱硫/燃料
芬兰耐思特石油	22400	重质	加氢裂化/燃料
美国塔尔萨	15000	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青/燃料
比利时安特卫普	48000	C₄	加氢处理/燃料/道路沥青
沙特阿美石油	12000	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青
印度斯坦石油	13600	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青
伊拉克SRC	48000	C₅	加氢处理/燃料
泰石油IRPC提能	13200	C₃	润滑油/沥青
意大利埃尼	15000	iC₄	流化床催化裂化/气化
美国阿蒂西亚	30000	nC₄~iC₅	加氢裂化/道路沥青
中国某公司	16500	C₃	润滑油/道路沥青
日本JX能源	20000	C₅/C₆	加氢处理/燃料油
韩国SK	20000	C₃	加氢处理/道路沥青
亚洲某公司	25000	C₃	加氢处理/焦化
波兰Lotos	54000	C₄/C₅	流化床催化裂化/加氢处理/燃料油
印度尼西亚Pertamina	57000	C₃	加氢处理/焦化
印度Visakh	62250	—	沸腾床加氢
波兰PKN ORLEN	—	—	渣油流化催化裂化

专利授权公司	产能/桶·d^-1	装置建成/年
中国某公司	30000	2015
泰国国家石油公司	25000	2015
俄罗斯卢克石油	11000	2015
日本JX能源	10000	2015
埃及Midor炼油厂	20151	2015
美国某公司	12626	2013
美国某公司	12000	2014
俄罗斯Mari EI	12600	2012
阿曼ORPC	48000	2011
TAIF-NK	48000	2010
哥伦比亚国家石油公司	45000	2011

专利授权公司	产能/桶·d^-1	装置建成/年
中国某公司	30000	2015
泰国国家石油公司	25000	2015
俄罗斯卢克石油	11000	2015
日本JX能源	10000	2015
埃及Midor炼油厂	20151	2015
美国某公司	12626	2013
美国某公司	12000	2014
俄罗斯Mari EI	12600	2012
阿曼ORPC	48000	2011
TAIF-NK	48000	2010
哥伦比亚国家石油公司	45000	2011

项目	ROSE	DEMEX	Solvahl
工艺特点	抽提-沉降	混合-沉降	抽提
专有技术	填料/内构件/ 进料分布器/ 沥青造粒	顺流抽提/PIP/ 多级静态混合器/ 立式沉降罐	萃取塔
抽提工艺	亚临界	亚临界	亚临界
溶剂回收工艺	超临界	超临界	超临界
溶剂	C₃~C₅	C₃~C₅	C₃~C₆
剂油比	8∶1	(5~6)∶1	(4~6)∶1
产物	DAO/DOA LDAO/HDAO/DOA	DAO/DOA LDAO/HDAO/DOA	DAO/DOA
燃料^[25]/MJ·t^-1	667.50	581.02	658.20
电/kWh·t^-1	13.30	8.23	8.83
能耗/MJ·t^-1	949.1	722.3	684.7
最大规模/桶·天^-1	62250	48000