相变蓄冷材料及系统应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1777

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 4322-4339.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1777

相变蓄冷材料及系统应用研究进展

汤磊¹(), 曾德森²(), 凌子夜¹^,³(), 张正国¹^,³^,⁴, 方晓明¹^,³^,⁴

^1.华南理工大学传热强化与过程节能教育部重点实验室，广东广州 510640
^2.广东美的制冷设备有限公司，广东佛山 528312
^3.广东省热能高效储存与利用工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510640
^4.华南理工大学珠海现代产业创新研究院，广东珠海 519175

收稿日期:2022-09-23 修回日期:2022-11-16 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-09-19
通讯作者: 曾德森,凌子夜
作者简介:汤磊（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为相变蓄冷材料。E-mail：952295541@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0210703)

Research progress of phase change materials and their application systems for cool storage

TANG Lei¹(), ZENG Desen²(), LING Ziye¹^,³(), ZHANG Zhengguo¹^,³^,⁴, FANG Xiaoming¹^,³^,⁴

^1.Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^2.Guangdong Midea Air-conditioning Equipment Co. , Ltd. , Foshan 528312, Guangdong, China
^3.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Heat Storage and Application, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^4.South China University of Technology-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, Zhuhai 519175, Guangdong, China

Received:2022-09-23 Revised:2022-11-16 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-09-19
Contact: ZENG Desen, LING Ziye

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变蓄冷技术利用相变材料在相变时伴随着的吸热或放热过程对能量进行储存和应用，起到控制温度、降低能耗和转移用能负荷的作用。本文综述了相变温度在25℃以下的相变蓄冷材料及其在不同应用场景的筛选依据，介绍了相变蓄冷材料在食品医疗冷链物流、建筑节能控温与数据中心应急冷却、人体热管理和医疗保健的相变纺织品等领域的应用。从调节相变蓄冷材料相变温度、过冷度、热导率和循环稳定性等方面总结了材料热物性的调控策略，分析了不同调控策略存在的优缺点，指出相变蓄冷系统可通过增强蓄冷系统热导率和强化传热结构来改善普通材料传热性能差的问题。最后从复合相变材料制备到系统设计优化和应用场景拓展等方面对相变蓄冷技术研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 相变蓄冷材料, 相变蓄冷系统, 复合相变材料, 热物性

Abstract:

Phase change cold storage technology uses the heat absorption or release of phase change materials to store and apply energy, which plays a role in the precise control of temperature, the reduction of energy consumption and the energy load transfer. In this paper, the phase change materials with a phase change temperature below 25℃ for different application scenarios were summarized. The applications of phase-change cold storage materials, such as the food and medical cold chain logistics, the building air-conditioning, the data center emergency cooling, and the phase-change textiles for human thermal management and medical care were introduced. The thermal properties of phase change materials and the advantages and disadvantages for various applications were discussed. It was pointed out that the poor heat transfer performance of ordinary materials can be improved by enhancing the thermal conductivity and heat transfer structure of the phase change cold storage system. Moreover, the research prospects of phase change thermal storage technology, from the preparation of composite phase change materials to the system design optimization and application expansion, were proposed.

Key words: phase change materials for cool storage, phase change cool storage system, composites, thermophysical properties

中图分类号:

TK02

汤磊, 曾德森, 凌子夜, 张正国, 方晓明. 相变蓄冷材料及系统应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4322-4339.

TANG Lei, ZENG Desen, LING Ziye, ZHANG Zhengguo, FANG Xiaoming. Research progress of phase change materials and their application systems for cool storage[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4322-4339.

图/表 26

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名称	相变温度/℃	相变潜热/kJ·kg^-¹	密度/kg·m^-³
甲醇	-97	99	810~904
正己烷	-95	152	677~760
乙烷	-88	489	544~641
乙炔	-84	144	760~764
2-己酮	-56	148.7	830
正壬烷	-54	121	720
癸烷	-30	202	735
十二烷	-12	216	750
二甘醇	-10	247	1118
三甘醇	-7	247	1200
十三烷	-6	154	756
四氢呋喃	5	280	890
正十四烷	5.5	231	771
甲酸	7.8	247	1227
聚乙二醇400	8	100	1127
己二酸二甲酯	10	165	1062
棕榈酸丙酯	10	186	864
辛酸	16	148	901
醋酸	17	187~273	1050
甘油	18	199	1260
硬酯酸丁酯	19	140~200	1097
正十七烷	22	215	778
棕榈酸乙酯	23	122	870

名称	相变温度/℃	相变潜热/kJ·kg^-¹	密度/kg·m^-³
甲醇	-97	99	810~904
正己烷	-95	152	677~760
乙烷	-88	489	544~641
乙炔	-84	144	760~764
2-己酮	-56	148.7	830
正壬烷	-54	121	720
癸烷	-30	202	735
十二烷	-12	216	750
二甘醇	-10	247	1118
三甘醇	-7	247	1200
十三烷	-6	154	756
四氢呋喃	5	280	890
正十四烷	5.5	231	771
甲酸	7.8	247	1227
聚乙二醇400	8	100	1127
己二酸二甲酯	10	165	1062
棕榈酸丙酯	10	186	864
辛酸	16	148	901
醋酸	17	187~273	1050
甘油	18	199	1260
硬酯酸丁酯	19	140~200	1097
正十七烷	22	215	778
棕榈酸乙酯	23	122	870

名称	相变温度 /℃	相变潜热 /kJ·kg^-¹	密度 /kg·m^-³
二氧化碳	-78	574	1562
氨气	-78	332	682~728
汞	-39	12	13546
冰	0	333	920
五氯化锑	4	33	2360
三水氯酸锂	8	253	1720(固体),1530(液体)
硫酸	10	100	1831
六水磷酸氢二钾	14	109	—
四水磷酸氢二钾	19	231	—
六水溴化铁	21	105	1820
三氧化二磷	24	64	2130
六水硝酸锰	25	126~148	1738(固体),1728(液体)
磷酸	25	147	1874

名称	相变温度 /℃	相变潜热 /kJ·kg^-¹	密度 /kg·m^-³
二氧化碳	-78	574	1562
氨气	-78	332	682~728
汞	-39	12	13546
冰	0	333	920
五氯化锑	4	33	2360
三水氯酸锂	8	253	1720(固体),1530(液体)
硫酸	10	100	1831
六水磷酸氢二钾	14	109	—
四水磷酸氢二钾	19	231	—
六水溴化铁	21	105	1820
三氧化二磷	24	64	2130
六水硝酸锰	25	126~148	1738(固体),1728(液体)
磷酸	25	147	1874

名称	相变温度/℃	相变潜热/kJ·kg^-¹	组成
氯化氢+水	-86	74	24.8∶75.2 （质量比）
氯化锌+水	-62	117	51∶49 （质量比）
氯化钙+水	-55	165	29.8∶70.2 （质量比）
硝酸镁+水	-29	187	34.6∶65.4 （质量比）
乙二醇+ 氯化铵+水	-23	176	10∶15∶75 （质量比）
氯化钠+水	-21	228	22.4∶77.6 （质量比）
甘油+ 醋酸钠+水	-14	172	10∶10∶80 （质量比）
氯化钾+水	-11	253	19.5∶80.5 （质量比）
十二烷+十三烷	-8	147	40∶60 （体积比）
乳酸钙+氯化铵	-4	265	50∶50 （质量比）
硫酸钠+水	-4	285	12.7∶87.3 （质量比）
山梨酸钾+ 氯化钾	-3	255	85.72∶14.28 （质量比）
十二烷醇+辛酸	2	225	40∶60 （质量比）
辛酸+月桂酸	4	152	9∶1 （摩尔比）
六水氯化钙+ 六水溴化钙	15	140	50∶50 （质量比）
癸酸+月桂酸	19	132	61.5∶38.5 （摩尔比）
癸酸+棕榈酸酯	22	153	75.2∶24.8 （摩尔比）
六水氯化钙+ 六水氯化镁	25	95	50∶50 （质量比）
六水氯化钙+ 六水氯化镁	25	127	66.7∶33.3 （质量比）
六水硝酸钙+ 六水硝酸锌	25	130	45∶55 （质量比）

相变蓄冷材料及系统应用研究进展

Research progress of phase change materials and their application systems for cool storage

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