化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 3532-3549.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1682
收稿日期:
2022-09-09
修回日期:
2023-02-28
出版日期:
2023-07-15
发布日期:
2023-08-14
通讯作者:
杨国锐,延卫
作者简介:
王蕴青(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为电解水制氢。E-mail:1410950142@qq.com。
基金资助:
WANG Yunqing1,2(), YANG Guorui3(), YAN Wei1,2()
Received:
2022-09-09
Revised:
2023-02-28
Online:
2023-07-15
Published:
2023-08-14
Contact:
YANG Guorui, YAN Wei
摘要:
过渡金属磷化物催化活性高、稳定性好,是电催化析氢的良好催化剂。然而,实现过渡金属磷化物在电解水制氢领域的大规模应用,还需要进一步提升其催化性能。本文以过渡金属磷化物的组成变化为出发点,从金属/磷(M/P)化学计量比的角度对过渡金属磷化物的性能进行了总结,介绍了其常见的制备方法,详细综述了元素掺杂、构造缺陷、构建界面工程、耦合炭材料、调控微观结构、改善材料浸润性等改性方法对过渡金属磷化物电催化制氢性能的影响。最后在新型磷源的开发、测试标准化、晶面调控等方面对过渡金属磷化物的发展趋势进行了展望。
中图分类号:
王蕴青, 杨国锐, 延卫. 过渡金属磷化物的改性方法及其在电化学析氢中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3532-3549.
WANG Yunqing, YANG Guorui, YAN Wei. Transition metal phosphide modification and its applications in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3532-3549.
催化剂 | 电解质 | 过电位η10/mV | Tafel斜率/mV·dec-1 | 电化学稳定性 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NiP2 NS/CC | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 75 | 51 | 3000CV | [ |
NiP/RGO | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 89(η起始) | 135.1 | 500CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 116(η起始) | 122.4 | |||
NiP x /TNAs | 1mol/L KOH | 104 | 70.1 | — | [ |
NiP@C | 1mol/L KOH | 23(η100) | 12.4 | 10/20mA/cm2(10h) | [ |
NiP/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 102 | 90 | 1000CV | [ |
Ni2P/Ni/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 94 | 72 | 10mA/cm2(20h) | [ |
V-Ni2P/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 55 | 48 | 10mA/cm2(50h) | [ |
Ni-Ni3P@NPC | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 73 | 57.93 | 30/60mA/cm2(25h) | [ |
Ni3P PHNs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 85 | 50 | 2000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 338(η20) | 190 | |||
N-Ni5P4 | 1mol/L KOH | 96 | 62.2 | 1000CV | [ |
Ni5P4/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 64 | 64 | 3000CV | [ |
Cuf@Ni5P4 | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 90 | 49 | 10/160mA/cm2(84h) | [ |
Ni12P5/CNT | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 129 | 56 | 1000CV | [ |
Ni12P5 NCs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 118 | 42 | 500CV | [ |
表1 常见Ni基磷化物的HER性能
催化剂 | 电解质 | 过电位η10/mV | Tafel斜率/mV·dec-1 | 电化学稳定性 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NiP2 NS/CC | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 75 | 51 | 3000CV | [ |
NiP/RGO | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 89(η起始) | 135.1 | 500CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 116(η起始) | 122.4 | |||
NiP x /TNAs | 1mol/L KOH | 104 | 70.1 | — | [ |
NiP@C | 1mol/L KOH | 23(η100) | 12.4 | 10/20mA/cm2(10h) | [ |
NiP/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 102 | 90 | 1000CV | [ |
Ni2P/Ni/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 94 | 72 | 10mA/cm2(20h) | [ |
V-Ni2P/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 55 | 48 | 10mA/cm2(50h) | [ |
Ni-Ni3P@NPC | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 73 | 57.93 | 30/60mA/cm2(25h) | [ |
Ni3P PHNs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 85 | 50 | 2000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 338(η20) | 190 | |||
N-Ni5P4 | 1mol/L KOH | 96 | 62.2 | 1000CV | [ |
Ni5P4/NF | 1mol/L KOH | 64 | 64 | 3000CV | [ |
Cuf@Ni5P4 | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 90 | 49 | 10/160mA/cm2(84h) | [ |
Ni12P5/CNT | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 129 | 56 | 1000CV | [ |
Ni12P5 NCs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 118 | 42 | 500CV | [ |
催化剂 | 电解质 | 过电位η10/mV | Tafel斜率/mV·dec-1 | 电化学稳定性 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CoP/GF | 1mol/L KOH | 130(η20) | 80.1 | 50h | [ |
CoP | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 84 | 61 | 1000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 94 | 67 | |||
CoP/Co2P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 87 | 58 | 10mA/cm2(24h) | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 133 | 60 | |||
CoP-NC | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 145 | 55 | 2000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 167 | 57 | |||
1mol/L PBS | 252 | 110 | |||
CoP/CN/Ni | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 66 | 39.5 | 10mA/cm2(12h) | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 106 | 53.4 | |||
CoP | 1mol/L KOH | 71 | 60.75 | 3000CV | [ |
CoP/Co2P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 81 | 36.2 | 2000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 109 | 78.9 | |||
1mol/L PBS | 227 | 190.1 | |||
Co2P NF | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 178 | 32 | 1000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 190 | 61 |
表2 Co基磷化物的HER性能
催化剂 | 电解质 | 过电位η10/mV | Tafel斜率/mV·dec-1 | 电化学稳定性 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CoP/GF | 1mol/L KOH | 130(η20) | 80.1 | 50h | [ |
CoP | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 84 | 61 | 1000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 94 | 67 | |||
CoP/Co2P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 87 | 58 | 10mA/cm2(24h) | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 133 | 60 | |||
CoP-NC | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 145 | 55 | 2000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 167 | 57 | |||
1mol/L PBS | 252 | 110 | |||
CoP/CN/Ni | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 66 | 39.5 | 10mA/cm2(12h) | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 106 | 53.4 | |||
CoP | 1mol/L KOH | 71 | 60.75 | 3000CV | [ |
CoP/Co2P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 81 | 36.2 | 2000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 109 | 78.9 | |||
1mol/L PBS | 227 | 190.1 | |||
Co2P NF | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 178 | 32 | 1000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 190 | 61 |
催化剂 | 电解质 | 过电位η10/mV | Tafel斜率/mV·dec-1 | 电化学稳定性 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FeP@PPy/CTs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 103.1 | 49.2 | 46h | [ |
FeP HNPs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 76 | 55 | 10mA/cm2(5h) | [ |
FeP | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 154 | 65 | 160mV(6000s) | [ |
Vc-FeP | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 65 | 49 | 10mA/cm2(7d) | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 108 | 62 | |||
CFP-FeP HNA | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 45(η20) | 53 | 12h | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 221(η20) | 134 | |||
FeP NPs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 76 | 60 | 10mA/cm2(12h) | [ |
Fe2P/GCS | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 88 | 49 | 2000CV | [ |
Fe2P-ND/FG | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 91 | 47 | 4000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 168 | 74 | |||
1mol/L PBS | 349 | 113 | |||
Fe3P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 49 | 57 | 120mV(20h) | [ |
Fe3P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 160 | 149 | 5h | [ |
表3 常见Fe基磷化物的HER性能
催化剂 | 电解质 | 过电位η10/mV | Tafel斜率/mV·dec-1 | 电化学稳定性 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FeP@PPy/CTs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 103.1 | 49.2 | 46h | [ |
FeP HNPs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 76 | 55 | 10mA/cm2(5h) | [ |
FeP | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 154 | 65 | 160mV(6000s) | [ |
Vc-FeP | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 65 | 49 | 10mA/cm2(7d) | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 108 | 62 | |||
CFP-FeP HNA | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 45(η20) | 53 | 12h | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 221(η20) | 134 | |||
FeP NPs | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 76 | 60 | 10mA/cm2(12h) | [ |
Fe2P/GCS | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 88 | 49 | 2000CV | [ |
Fe2P-ND/FG | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 91 | 47 | 4000CV | [ |
1mol/L KOH | 168 | 74 | |||
1mol/L PBS | 349 | 113 | |||
Fe3P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 49 | 57 | 120mV(20h) | [ |
Fe3P | 0.5mol/L H2SO4 | 160 | 149 | 5h | [ |
金属磷酸盐 种类 | 温度/℃(在N2氛围中, H2体积分数5%) | 组成(Rietveld分析) | |
---|---|---|---|
目标磷化物 | 其他相/结构 | ||
Ni | 800 | 约51% Ni2P | 49% Ni12P5 |
Co | 800 | 85%~95% Co2P | Co2P2O7 |
W | 1000 | 85% WP | 15% WC |
Mo | 800 | 100% MoP | — |
Cr | 1000 | 40.5% CrP | 59.5% Cr12P7 |
表4 质量分数40%金属磷酸盐在不同温度下热解3h后的物相形成[59]
金属磷酸盐 种类 | 温度/℃(在N2氛围中, H2体积分数5%) | 组成(Rietveld分析) | |
---|---|---|---|
目标磷化物 | 其他相/结构 | ||
Ni | 800 | 约51% Ni2P | 49% Ni12P5 |
Co | 800 | 85%~95% Co2P | Co2P2O7 |
W | 1000 | 85% WP | 15% WC |
Mo | 800 | 100% MoP | — |
Cr | 1000 | 40.5% CrP | 59.5% Cr12P7 |
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