玻璃纤维浸润剂的分析与表征技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0702

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玻璃纤维增强树脂材料是应用最为广泛的工程复合材料。自20世纪末以来，玻璃纤维与基体树脂之间的界面结合越来越被关注，浸润剂是玻璃纤维表面处理的功能性复合涂层，是玻璃纤维生产与使用顺畅性的重要保障，也是构建玻璃纤维与树脂界面结合的重要“化学桥梁”。然而浸润剂配方具有高度保密性，行业内也缺乏系统可靠的浸润剂技术数据库，限制了人们对浸润剂知识及其作用的理解。通过对已经公开发表的相关文献进行广泛对比分析，本文对玻璃纤维浸润剂目前的表征与分析方法进行综述。首先对浸润剂的基础知识进行了简单概括，随后介绍了浸润剂的典型表征与分析技术，最后对浸润剂表征技术的发展现状、行业难点进行总结与展望，从而帮助复合材料行业的研发与生产人员更好地理解玻璃纤维浸润剂在增强复合材料中的作用。

关键词: 玻璃纤维, 浸润剂, 界面相, 表面性质, 复合材料

Abstract:

Glass fiber reinforced resin is the most widely used engineering composite material. Since the end of the 20th century, more and more attention has been paid to the interface bonding between glass fiber and resin matrix. The nanocomposite coating called "sizing" on the surface of glass fiber contributes greatly to the smooth production and application of glass fiber. In addition, sizing serves as a crucial "chemical bridge" for the interface bonding or interaction between glass fiber and the resin matrix. However, the sizing formulations of giant glass fiber manufacturers are highly confidential, and the related industries also lack comprehensive or reliable database on the science and technology of glass fiber sizing, limiting the acquisition the sizing knowledge and effect in composite products for researchers. In this work, the characterization and analysis methods of glass fiber sizing agents were reviewed through extensive comparative analysis of published works, so as to help the R&D and production personnel in composite industry to better understand the role of glass fiber sizing in reinforced composites. In this work, the basic knowledge of glass fiber sizing was introduced first in brief. Then, some typical characterization and analytical methods of sizing were introduced. Finally, the current research status was summarized and the challenges of characterization technology were discussed and prospected.

Key words: glass fiber, sizing, interface phase, surface properties, composite materials

中图分类号:

章建忠, 许升, 樊家澍, 费振宇, 王堃, 黄建, 崔峰波, 冉文华. 玻璃纤维浸润剂的分析与表征技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 821-838.

ZHANG Jianzhong, XU Sheng, FAN Jiashu, FEI Zhenyu, WANG Kun, HUANG Jian, CUI Fengbo, RAN Wenhua. Progress in characterization and analysis of glass fiber sizing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 821-838.

图/表 7

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浸润剂表征技术	获得的浸润剂信息
FTIR	浸润剂组成的基本结构、浸润剂组分在玻璃纤维表面的吸附与黏结情况、硅烷层的水解情况、浸润剂的分解情况
NIR	浸润剂中硅烷与成膜剂之间的反应
NMR	鉴别玻璃纤维表面萃取的浸润剂结构与类型
GPC、HPLC	萃取的浸润剂组分的分子量
IGC	硅烷在玻璃纤维表面的吸附与结构、表面能、表面不均匀性（过于灵敏，无法给出浸润剂层的确切信息）
LOI	玻璃纤维表面浸润剂涂层的含量（无法给出浸润剂分布以及玻璃纤维与浸润剂间的作用信息）
SIMS	硅烷与成膜剂组分鉴别、复合材料的界面相形成、硅烷与成膜剂反应（需要二者中存在特定原子）、硅烷聚合程度
MDE	浸润剂膜的溶胀作用（液态基体树脂渗透到浸润剂薄膜中的扩散系数以及浸润剂在基体树脂中的溶解性）、浸润剂与树脂间相互作用
GC/MS	浸润剂热解产物鉴定
TGA	浸润剂热稳定性、热降解行为（结果可能取决于浸润剂涂层的厚度）
DSC、DMA	浸润剂相转变温度及浸润剂、浸润剂对玻璃纤维-树脂界面相形成的影响、成膜剂的模量与热转变等
SEM	浸润剂涂层形貌与涂覆效果
AFM	浸润剂涂层表面形貌和粗糙度、硅烷层分布 (仅局部)、浸润剂与树脂界面相作用
EKA	玻璃纤维表面的zeta电位、等电点、浸润剂组分优先吸附情况、纤维-树脂相互作用、硅烷在玻璃纤维表面的吸附情况
CA	表面能、表面浸润剂涂层均匀性和厚度、润湿性、玻璃纤维表面羟基浓度

浸润剂表征技术	获得的浸润剂信息
FTIR	浸润剂组成的基本结构、浸润剂组分在玻璃纤维表面的吸附与黏结情况、硅烷层的水解情况、浸润剂的分解情况
NIR	浸润剂中硅烷与成膜剂之间的反应
NMR	鉴别玻璃纤维表面萃取的浸润剂结构与类型
GPC、HPLC	萃取的浸润剂组分的分子量
IGC	硅烷在玻璃纤维表面的吸附与结构、表面能、表面不均匀性（过于灵敏，无法给出浸润剂层的确切信息）
LOI	玻璃纤维表面浸润剂涂层的含量（无法给出浸润剂分布以及玻璃纤维与浸润剂间的作用信息）
SIMS	硅烷与成膜剂组分鉴别、复合材料的界面相形成、硅烷与成膜剂反应（需要二者中存在特定原子）、硅烷聚合程度
MDE	浸润剂膜的溶胀作用（液态基体树脂渗透到浸润剂薄膜中的扩散系数以及浸润剂在基体树脂中的溶解性）、浸润剂与树脂间相互作用
GC/MS	浸润剂热解产物鉴定
TGA	浸润剂热稳定性、热降解行为（结果可能取决于浸润剂涂层的厚度）
DSC、DMA	浸润剂相转变温度及浸润剂、浸润剂对玻璃纤维-树脂界面相形成的影响、成膜剂的模量与热转变等
SEM	浸润剂涂层形貌与涂覆效果
AFM	浸润剂涂层表面形貌和粗糙度、硅烷层分布 (仅局部)、浸润剂与树脂界面相作用
EKA	玻璃纤维表面的zeta电位、等电点、浸润剂组分优先吸附情况、纤维-树脂相互作用、硅烷在玻璃纤维表面的吸附情况
CA	表面能、表面浸润剂涂层均匀性和厚度、润湿性、玻璃纤维表面羟基浓度

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