黄铜矿强化浸出研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统从黄铜矿中提取铜的方法主要采用火法冶金工艺，随着高品质的黄铜矿日渐减少，采用传统的火法冶金方法从低品位黄铜矿中经济、高效地提取铜不仅越来越难，而且会在过程中产生大量SO₂等对环境和人体有害的气体。与火法工艺相比，湿法工艺从黄铜矿中提取铜具有能耗低、环境友好的优点，特别适宜低品位复杂多金属黄铜矿的处理，但存在浸出效率低的问题。本文综述和分析了近年来提高黄铜矿湿法浸出效率的研究现状，分析表明强化黄铜矿浸出的方法分为浸出前预处理活化和浸出过程中强化两类方法。预处理活化包括机械活化、热活化和微波活化工艺，能提高黄铜矿在浸出中的反应活性；浸出过程中强化包括添加黄铁矿、Ag离子、活性炭等助剂强化浸出，以及利用超声场、微波场及压力场进行外场强化等工艺方法。文中结合强化工艺的具体研究结果分析了各种强化工艺及方法的机理，比较了各种强化手段的优点、不足及存在的问题，展望了强化黄铜矿浸出的发展方向。结果表明，不论是预处理还是浸出过程强化，皆能有效提高黄铜矿的浸出效率，将预处理活化与过程强化相结合的工艺是强化黄铜矿浸出的有效方法。

关键词: 黄铜矿, 浸取, 活化, 反应工程, 过程强化

Abstract:

The traditional method of extracting copper from qualified chalcopyrite mainly adopts pyrometallurgical process. With the continuous exploitation and utilization of copper bearing minerals, the high-quality chalcopyrite decreases day by day. It is more and more difficult to extract copper economically and efficiently from low-grade chalcopyrite by traditional pyrometallurgy, and the pyrometallurgy process will produce a lot of gases such as SO₂ which are harmful to the environment and human body. Compared to pyrometallurgical process, the extraction of copper from chalcopyrite by hydrometallurgical process has the advantages of low energy consumption and environmental friendliness, especially suitable for the treatment of low-grade complex polymetallic chalcopyrite. However, the hydrometallurgical process has the problem of low leaching efficiency. In this paper, the research status of improving hydrometallurgical leaching efficiency of chalcopyrite in recent years is reviewed and analyzed. The analysis showes that the methods of enhancing leaching efficiency of chalcopyrite can be divided into pre-activation before leaching and strengthening during leaching. Pretreatment activation includes mechanical activation, thermal activation and microwave activation, which can improve the reactivity of chalcopyrite during leaching. The strengthening in the process of leaching included adding pyrite, Ag ion, activated carbon and other additives to strengthen the leaching, and using ultrasonic field, microwave field and pressure field to strengthen the external field. Based on the research results of strengthening process, the mechanism of various strengthening processes and methods are analyzed, the advantages, disadvantages and existing problems of various strengthening methods are compared, and the development direction of strengthening leaching of chalcopyrite is forecasted. The results indicate that both pretreatment and leaching process strengthening can effectively improve the leaching efficiency of chalcopyrite, and the process combining pretreatment activation and process strengthening is an effective method to enhance the leaching efficiency of chalcopyrite.

Key words: chalcopyrite ore, leaching, activation, reaction engineering, process intensify

中图分类号:

TQ028.4

刘庆丰, 廖亚龙, 吴越, 郗家俊, 嵇广雄. 黄铜矿强化浸出研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 6099-6110.

LIU Qingfeng, LIAO Yalong, WU Yue, XI Jiajun, JI Guangxiong. Research progress on enhancing leaching efficiency of chalcopyrite[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(11): 6099-6110.

图/表 5

图1 黄铜矿的单胞结构[2]S； Cu； Fe

图2 微波活化前后黄铜矿的SEM形貌[45]

图3 Ag取代CuFeS2晶体结构中Cu原子[60]

图4 浸出前后矿石颗粒表面的SEM图[85]

图5 浸出渣的SEM形貌[90]

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