一种光、电驱动的生物炭/硬脂酸复合相变材料的制备及其性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0221

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 5936-5945.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0221

一种光、电驱动的生物炭/硬脂酸复合相变材料的制备及其性能

禹兴海¹^,²(), 唐海慰¹^,³, 李艳安¹^,³, 韩玉琦¹^,³, 闵雪梅¹^,³

^1.河西学院柔性复合材料应用基础研究所，甘肃张掖 734000
^2.河西学院化学化工学院，甘肃张掖 734000
^3.河西学院甘肃省河西走廊特色资源利用省级重点实验室，甘肃张掖 734000

收稿日期:2022-02-11 修回日期:2022-05-17 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-28
通讯作者: 禹兴海
作者简介:禹兴海（1978—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为高分子复合材料。E-mail：yuxinghai455@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(21865008);甘肃省委组织部2022年度省级重点人才项目(甘组通字[2022]77号)

Electro- and photo-driven phase change composites based on stearic acid-infiltrated biochar

YU Xinghai¹^,²(), TANG Haiwei¹^,³, LI Yan’an¹^,³, HAN Yuqi¹^,³, MIN Xuemei¹^,³

^1.Institute of Flexible Composite Materials, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
^2.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources and Utilization of Gansu, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China

Received:2022-02-11 Revised:2022-05-17 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-28
Contact: YU Xinghai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用农业固体废弃物玉米秸秆为前体，经700℃高温热解、KOH刻蚀后得到了具有三维孔道结构和大比表面积（2136.67m²/g）的生物炭（KBC）。以KBC为载体，利用乙醇溶解、真空浸渍的方式将有机相变材料硬脂酸（SA）注入其内部孔道中，获得了一种生物炭/硬脂酸（KBC/SA）复合相变材料。通过红外光谱（IR）、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析（TG）、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）等表征手段，对其组成结构、微观形貌、储热性能以及稳定性进行了研究。结果表明，当SA质量分数为71.2%时，复合相变材料的储热性能最佳，其相变过程中的熔融焓和结晶焓分别为126.3J/g和128.7J/g，且经过100次循环储、放热性能测试后，相变焓值无明显变化。相变过程中无渗漏现象发生，表明KBC/SA是一种性能优异的定形相变材料。此外，KBC/SA复合相变材料具有良好的光热、电热转换能力，能够将太阳光能和电能转化为热能并储存和释放。当被模拟太阳光和直流电（U=5.0V）驱动后，其光热、电热转换效率可分别达到78.3%和70.1%。因此所制备的KBC/SA复合相变材料不仅能作为一种储热材料使用，而且在绿色清洁能源转化利用方面具有潜在价值。

关键词: 生物炭, 硬脂酸, 光、电驱动, 复合相变材料

Abstract:

Biochar (BC) matrix with three-dimensional porous structure and large specific surface area (2136.67m²/g) was prepared by pyrolysis and KOH etching at 700℃ using corn straw as precursors. Afterward, a novel composite phase change materials (CPCMs) were fabricated via injecting stearic acid (SA) in BC supports where SA was mixed in ethanol, and then injected into BC scaffolds under vacuum. The prepared CPCMs were characterized by IR, XRD, SEM, TG and DSC methods. The results demonstrated that the CPCMs with a mass content of 71.2% possess well heat storage ability with a fusion enthalpy of 126.3J/g and a solidification enthalpy of 128.7J/g, respectively. This phase change enthalpy appeared a negligible change after 100 melting and freezing cycles, and no clear leakage was observed during the phase transition process, indicating that CPCMs were unique shape-stabilized phase change materials with excellent heat storage performance and reversibility. Besides, the fabricated CPCMs can be triggered by light irradiation or safe voltage (e.g., 5.0V) to fulfill electro- or photo-to-thermal conversion with 78.3% and 70.1% conversion efficiencies, respectively. With excellent energy transformation performance and ability of heat storage and releasing, the CPCMs were believed to have great potential values not only in heat storage but also in green and clean energy conversion and application.

Key words: biochar, stearic acid, electro- and photo- driven, composite phase change materials

中图分类号:

TK02

禹兴海, 唐海慰, 李艳安, 韩玉琦, 闵雪梅. 一种光、电驱动的生物炭/硬脂酸复合相变材料的制备及其性能[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5936-5945.

YU Xinghai, TANG Haiwei, LI Yan’an, HAN Yuqi, MIN Xuemei. Electro- and photo-driven phase change composites based on stearic acid-infiltrated biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(11): 5936-5945.

图/表 13

图1 BC和KBC在不同条件下的吸附-脱附曲线和孔径分布曲线

表 1 不同活化条件下制备的生物炭表面积及孔结构比较

项目

KBC-1

（1∶3）

KBC-2

（1∶4）

KBC-3

（1∶5）

图2 BC、KBC-3和KBC/SA的SEM图片

图3 KBC、SA及KBC/SA复合相变材料的XRD谱图和红外谱图

图4 SA、KBC/SA复合相变材料的防泄漏性能对比图

图5 复合相变材料的热性能测试

表2 SA和KBC/SA复合相变材料的热性能数据

SA 质量分数/%	熔融温度T_m/℃	熔融焓 Δ_fH/J·g^-1	结晶温度 T_c/℃	结晶焓 Δ_cH/J·g^-1
纯SA	58.9	175.6	48.5	-177.8
25.9	54.8	33.4	44.5	-34.2
46.0	56.7	81.9	44.8	-85.8
58.7	56.7	88.0	50.0	-89.6
71.2	55.1	126.3	44.6	-128.7

图6 KBC、SA及KBC/SA的热重曲线以及KBC/SA经历50次、100次相变过程的DSC曲线图

表3 KBC/SA复合相变材料循环前后的热性能数据

BC/SA

循环次数

熔融温度T_m/℃

熔融焓

Δ_fH/J·g^-1

结晶温度

T_c/℃

结晶焓

Δ_cH/J·g^-1

图7 KBC/SA的导电性能及U-I曲线

图8 光照条件下SA及KBC/SA红外快照

图9 光照条件下SA及 KBC/SA的温度/时间响应曲线(a)、通电条件下KBC/SA的温度/时间响应曲线(b)及KBC/SA光热转化效率与文献报道值对比(c)

图10 通电条件下KBC/SA复合相变材料的快照

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一种光、电驱动的生物炭/硬脂酸复合相变材料的制备及其性能

Electro- and photo-driven phase change composites based on stearic acid-infiltrated biochar

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