沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0664

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 1039-1050.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0664

沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒

王玉¹^,²(), 余广炜¹^,³(), 林佳佳¹^,², 黎长江¹^,⁴, 江汝清¹, 邢贞娇¹, 余铖⁵

^1.中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市污染物转化重点实验室，福建厦门 361021
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^3.福建省城市固体废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心，福建厦门 361021
^4.福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建福州 350002
^5.福建省建筑科学研究院有限责任公司，福建福州 350108

收稿日期:2022-04-14 修回日期:2022-06-28 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-03-13
通讯作者: 余广炜
作者简介:王玉(1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为固体废弃物资源化利用与污染物控制。E-mail：yuwang@iue.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1908904);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA23020504);福建省自然科学基金(2019J01135);福建省STS项目(2021T3069)

Preparation of building ceramsite from food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash and sludge biochar

WANG Yu¹^,²(), YU Guangwei¹^,³(), LIN Jiajia¹^,², LI Changjiang¹^,⁴, JIANG Ruqing¹, XING Zhenjiao¹, YU Cheng⁵

^1.CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3.Fujian Municipal Solid Waste Resource Recovery Technology Research Center, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
^4.College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
^5.Fujian Academy of Building Research Co. , Ltd. , Fuzhou 350199, Fujian, China

Received:2022-04-14 Revised:2022-06-28 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-03-13
Contact: YU Guangwei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以90%（质量分数）餐厨厌氧沼渣（DR）与10%（质量分数）飞灰（FA）协同水热脱水滤饼为研究对象，将其热解制备得到的沼渣生物炭（DFC）与污泥生物炭（SSC）按比例混合造粒并经高温烧结制备高强度建筑陶粒以实现废弃物资源化利用。按国家标准GB/T 17431.1—2010进行性能检测，并解析BCR形态和潜在生态风险指标，评估其安全性。结果表明，DFC与SSC按照25%∶75%比例混合造粒，在1050℃烧结温度下制备得到的建筑陶粒各项性能指标均符合国家标准GB/T 17431.1—2010，其中抗压强度大于5.85MPa（密度等级为900级），堆积密度小于1050kg/m³，表观密度小于2000kg/m³，氯化物含量低于0.02%，硫化物和硫酸盐含量低于1%；建筑陶粒中重金属浸出毒性低于国家标准GB 5085.3—2007的阈值。BCR形态分析表明Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb的主要存在形式为稳定形式残渣态（F4）态，占比均超过70%；重金属潜在生态风险指数较低，产品安全性较高，属于轻微风险。通过经济性核算可知，每生产1t的建筑陶粒将会额外产生2000~2500元左右的收益，因此本研究具有广阔的应用市场和前景，同时也是实现DR、FA、SSC三种废弃物资源化、减量化和无害化处置的有效途径之一。

关键词: 餐厨厌氧沼渣, 焚烧飞灰, 污泥生物炭, 建筑陶粒, 重金属

Abstract:

Hydrothermal filter cake, produced from 90% food waste digestate residues and 10% incineration fly ash, was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar (DFC). The DFC was used together with sludge biochar (SSC) as raw materials for proportioning and sintering to prepare high-strength building ceramsite to realize the resource utilization of solid waste. The performance testing was according to national standard GB/T17431.1—2010. BCR morphological analysis and potential ecological risk indexes were used to assess its safety. The results showed that all the performance indicators of the building ceramsite prepared by DFC and SSC in the ratio of 25%∶75% at a sintering temperature of 1050℃ comply with the national standard GB/T17431.1—2010, including compressive strength greater than 5.85MPa (density class 900), bulk density less than 1050kg/m³, apparent density less than 2000kg/ m³, chloride content less than 0.02%, and sulphide and sulphate content less than 1%. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals was lower than the threshold values of national standard GB 5085.3—2007, and the main fraction of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb is F4 fraction, accounting for more than 70% of the total, while the potential ecological risk index indicates that the safety of heavy metals in building ceramics was high and belongs to low risk. Through economic calculation, it could be seen that every 1t of construction ceramics produced could generate an additional income of about 2000—2500CNY, so this study had a broad application market and prospect, and was also one of the effective ways to achieve the resourcefulness, reduction and harmless disposal of DR, FA and SSC.

Key words: food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash, sludge biochar, building ceramsite, heavy metals

中图分类号:

X705

王玉, 余广炜, 林佳佳, 黎长江, 江汝清, 邢贞娇, 余铖. 沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 1039-1050.

WANG Yu, YU Guangwei, LIN Jiajia, LI Changjiang, JIANG Ruqing, XING Zhenjiao, YU Cheng. Preparation of building ceramsite from food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash and sludge biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 1039-1050.

图/表 12

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温度/℃	0∶100%	25%∶75%	50%∶50%	75%∶25%	100%∶0
1050	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1100	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1150	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC010-1050
1200	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1250	DFC00-1250	DFC25-1250	DFC50-1250	DFC75-1250	DFC100-1250
1300	DFC00-1300	DFC25-1300	DFC50-1300	DFC75-1300	DFC100-1300

温度/℃	0∶100%	25%∶75%	50%∶50%	75%∶25%	100%∶0
1050	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1100	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1150	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC010-1050
1200	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1250	DFC00-1250	DFC25-1250	DFC50-1250	DFC75-1250	DFC100-1250
1300	DFC00-1300	DFC25-1300	DFC50-1300	DFC75-1300	DFC100-1300

序号	形态	实验步骤
F1	弱酸提取态	称取0.500g过100目干燥样品于50mL离心管中，加入20mL 0.11mol/L的乙酸溶液，在25℃、200r/min的条件下震荡16h后离心（8000r/min）20min，过滤、定容存于4℃保存待测
F2	可还原态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥至近干后加入20mL 0.5mol/L的氯化羟铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F3	可氧化态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥后加入5mL 30%的H₂O₂溶液（为防止反应过于激烈，分两次加入），静置1h后在85℃条件下静置1h，然后再加入5mL H₂O₂同样在85℃条件下待近干后加入25mL浓度为1mol/L的乙酸铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F4	残渣态	取上一步残留样品干燥后进行消解，消解过程与重金属总量测试相同

序号	形态	实验步骤
F1	弱酸提取态	称取0.500g过100目干燥样品于50mL离心管中，加入20mL 0.11mol/L的乙酸溶液，在25℃、200r/min的条件下震荡16h后离心（8000r/min）20min，过滤、定容存于4℃保存待测
F2	可还原态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥至近干后加入20mL 0.5mol/L的氯化羟铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F3	可氧化态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥后加入5mL 30%的H₂O₂溶液（为防止反应过于激烈，分两次加入），静置1h后在85℃条件下静置1h，然后再加入5mL H₂O₂同样在85℃条件下待近干后加入25mL浓度为1mol/L的乙酸铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F4	残渣态	取上一步残留样品干燥后进行消解，消解过程与重金属总量测试相同

C_f	单一重金属污染程度	E_r	单项潜在生态风险系数	IR	潜在生态风险程度
C_f≤1	极低	E_r≤40	低	IR≤150	轻微
1<C_f≤3	低	40<E_r≤80	中	150<IR≤300	中等
3<C_f≤6	中	80<E_r≤160	较高	300<IR≤600	较高
6<C_f≤9	较高	160<E_r≤320	高	IR>600	高
C_f>9	高	E_r>320	很高

沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒

Preparation of building ceramsite from food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash and sludge biochar

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样品	工业分析质量分数/%			元素分析质量分数/%
样品	灰分	挥发分	固定碳	C	H	N	S	H/C	N/C
DR	53.17	45.25	1.58	17.57	2.43	2.37	1.19	1.66	0.12
FA	85.41	11.08	3.51	2.21	0.04	0.30	3.30	0.22	0.12
DFC	95.91	3.72	0.37	9.70	0.91	0.47	1.19	1.13	0.04
SSC	90.17	5.70	4.13	3.15	0.81	0.01	0.72	3.09	0.00
样品	Na₂O	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	P₂O₅	SO₃	Cl	K₂O	CaO
DR	1.16	2.22	2.5	2.19	9.50	3.67	0.78	0.56	36.53
FA	13.20	1.06	1.17	4.86	0.46	7.07	25.84	5.60	36.90
DFC	2.12	2.02	2.54	3.52	10.72	4.33	6.57	1.57	48.39
SSC	1.59	8.55	15.94	23.57	0.22	0.40	1.00	1.05	6.87

样品	Cl/%	SO₃/%
DFC00-1050	0.001	0.125
DFC00-1100	0.000	0.569
DFC25-1050	0.001	0.090
DFC25-1100	0.000	0.569
DFC25-1150	0.001	0.515
DFC50-1200	0.001	0.409
DFC50-1250	0.001	0.323
DFC75-1300	0.002	0.688
DFC100-1300	0.030	1.414

样品	重金属浸出量/mg·L^-1
样品	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb
DFC00-1050	0.003	1.060	17.572	10.971	0.040	0.000
DFC00-1100	0.361	0.033	0.304	1.129	0.078	0.000
DFC25-1050	0.003	0.857	6.257	7.988	0.033	0.000
DFC25-1100	0.135	0.229	3.057	2.989	0.102	0.000
DFC25-1150	0.058	0.291	3.142	2.350	0.106	0.000
DFC50-1200	0.051	0.122	0.464	1.362	0.042	0.000
DFC50-1250	0.010	0.053	1.636	0.883	0.033	0.000
DFC75-1300	0.614	0.074	0.172	1.042	0.114	0.000
DFC100-1300	0.483	0.004	0.000	0.014	0.008	0.000
阈值	15	5	100	100	5	5

[1]	许春树, 姚庆达, 梁永贤, 周华龙. 共价有机框架材料功能化策略及其对Hg(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 461-478.
[2]	李世霖, 胡景泽, 王毅霖, 王庆吉, 邵磊. 电渗析分离提取高值组分的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 420-429.
[3]	李志远, 黄亚继, 赵佳琪, 于梦竹, 朱志成, 程好强, 时浩, 王圣. 污泥与聚氯乙烯共热解重金属特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4947-4956.
[4]	李卫华, 于倩雯, 尹俊权, 吴寅凯, 孙英杰, 王琰, 王华伟, 杨玉飞, 龙於洋, 黄启飞, 葛燕辰, 何依洋, 赵灵燕. 酸雨环境下填埋飞灰吨袋破损后重金属的溶出行为[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4917-4928.
[5]	张杉, 仲兆平, 杨宇轩, 杜浩然, 李骞. 磷酸盐改性高岭土对生活垃圾热解过程中重金属的富集[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3893-3903.
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[7]	庄捷, 薛锦辉, 赵斌成, 张文艺. 猪粪厌氧消化进程中重金属与腐殖质的有机结合机制[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3281-3291.
[8]	郑昕, 贾里, 王彦霖, 张靖超, 陈世虎, 乔晓磊, 樊保国. 污泥与煤泥混烧对重金属固留特性的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3233-3241.
[9]	常占坤, 张弛, 苏冰琴, 张聪政, 王健, 权晓慧. H₂S气态基质对污泥生物沥滤处理效能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2733-2743.
[10]	李卫华, 吴寅凯, 孙英杰, 尹俊权, 辛明学, 赵友杰. 垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属毒性浸出评价方法研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2666-2677.
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[13]	李晶晶, 赵曜, 徐沣驰, 李康建. 不同径流冲刷作用下多孔炉渣沥青混合料重金属的浸出特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5520-5530.
[14]	唐朝春, 王顺藤, 黄从新, 冯文涛, 阮以宣, 史纯菁. 介孔金属有机框架材料吸附水中重金属离子研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 3263-3278.
[15]	付杰, 邱春生, 王晨晨, 郑金鑫, 刘楠楠, 王栋, 王少坡, 孙力平. 污泥热水解处理过程重金属的迁移转化与风险评价[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 2216-2225.

样品	C_f						E_r						RI
样品	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	RI
DFC00-1050	0.00	0.15	0.33	0.37	0.11	0.03	0.00	0.90	1.64	0.37	1.09	0.14	4.13
DFC00-1100	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.28	0.13	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.09	0.28	1.28	0.00	1.71
DFC25-1050	0.00	0.14	0.21	0.06	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.85	1.05	0.06	0.95	0.02	2.93
DFC25-1100	0.00	0.04	0.41	0.04	0.12	0.01	0.00	0.21	2.05	0.04	1.16	0.07	3.53
DFC25-1150	0.00	0.03	0.27	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.00	0.20	1.33	0.01	0.79	0.07	2.40
DFC50-1200	0.01	0.05	0.10	0.01	0.08	0.00	0.03	0.28	0.49	0.01	0.75	0.00	1.56
DFC50-1250	0.00	0.01	0.23	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.03	1.16	0.01	0.54	0.08	1.83
DFC75-1300	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.10	0.00	0.17	0.60	0.25	0.02	1.05	0.01	2.09
DFC100-1300	0.04	0.11	0.09	0.35	0.05	0.00	0.09	0.68	0.45	0.35	0.52	0.00	2.08

样品	C_f						E_r						RI
样品	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	RI
DFC00-1050	0.00	0.15	0.33	0.37	0.11	0.03	0.00	0.90	1.64	0.37	1.09	0.14	4.13
DFC00-1100	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.28	0.13	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.09	0.28	1.28	0.00	1.71
DFC25-1050	0.00	0.14	0.21	0.06	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.85	1.05	0.06	0.95	0.02	2.93
DFC25-1100	0.00	0.04	0.41	0.04	0.12	0.01	0.00	0.21	2.05	0.04	1.16	0.07	3.53
DFC25-1150	0.00	0.03	0.27	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.00	0.20	1.33	0.01	0.79	0.07	2.40
DFC50-1200	0.01	0.05	0.10	0.01	0.08	0.00	0.03	0.28	0.49	0.01	0.75	0.00	1.56
DFC50-1250	0.00	0.01	0.23	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.03	1.16	0.01	0.54	0.08	1.83
DFC75-1300	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.10	0.00	0.17	0.60	0.25	0.02	1.05	0.01	2.09
DFC100-1300	0.04	0.11	0.09	0.35	0.05	0.00	0.09	0.68	0.45	0.35	0.52	0.00	2.08