化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 5441-5455.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2586

• 材料科学与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池安全添加剂的研究进展

胡华坤(), 薛文东(), 蒋朋, 李勇   

  1. 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-20 修回日期:2022-04-12 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 薛文东
  • 作者简介:胡华坤(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源材料。E-mail:S20200312@xs.ustb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研基金(FRF-MP-20-28)

Research progress of safety additives for lithium ion batteries

HU Huakun(), XUE Wendong(), JIANG Peng, LI Yong   

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2021-12-20 Revised:2022-04-12 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-21
  • Contact: XUE Wendong

摘要:

锂离子电池具有高能量密度和良好的循环性能,是目前最为理想的动力电源储能体系。然而,由于大容量和高功率锂离子电池技术尚未成熟,存在安全隐患,导致其商业化应用受到了很大程度的限制。锂离子电池的安全问题主要有机械力破坏、异常充电、气体积聚和热失控等,本文分析了上述危险因素产生的原因以及抑制的方法。在这些增强电池安全性的方法中,使用安全添加剂是最为经济有效的手段,但要在电解液中找到一种对电池具有高安全性能且不牺牲其他性能的实用添加剂并不容易,未来同时具备多功能的添加剂将会是对电池性能提升最有希望的研究方向。本文分析了成膜添加剂、阻燃添加剂和防过充添加剂的作用机理,并对相关领域的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 安全, 添加剂, 热失控, 电解质, 再生能源

Abstract:

Lithium ion battery has high energy density and good cycle performance. It is the most ideal power supply and energy storage system at present. However, due to the immature technology of high-capacity and high-power lithium-ion battery and potential safety hazards, its commercial application has been limited to a great extent. The safety problems of lithium-ion battery mainly include mechanical damage, abnormal charging, gas accumulation and thermal runaway. This paper analyzed the causes of the above risk factors and the suppression methods. Among these methods to enhance battery safety, the use of safety additives was the most economical and effective means, but it was not easy to find a practical additive with high safety performance for the battery without sacrificing other performance in the electrolyte. In the future, multifunctional additives would be the most promising research direction for improving battery performance. This paper briefly analyzed the action mechanism of film-forming additives, flame retardant additives and anti overcharge additives, and prospectd the development direction of related fields.

Key words: lithium ion battery, safety, additive, thermal runaway, electrolytes, renewable energy

中图分类号: 

京ICP备12046843号-2;京公网安备 11010102001994号
版权所有 © 《化工进展》编辑部
地址:北京市东城区青年湖南街13号 邮编:100011
电子信箱:hgjz@cip.com.cn
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发 技术支持:support@magtech.com.cn