加热方式对管壳式相变蓄热单元强化传热的可视化及数值模拟

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2468

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 4635-4643.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2468

加热方式对管壳式相变蓄热单元强化传热的可视化及数值模拟

熊鑫¹(), 苏庆宗², 农增耀¹, 王亚雄¹^,³()

^1.内蒙古科技大学化学与化工学院，内蒙古包头 014010
^2.内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院，内蒙古包头 014010
^3.内蒙古自治区煤化工与煤炭综合利用重点实验室，内蒙古包头 014010

收稿日期:2021-12-02 修回日期:2022-12-28 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-09-27
通讯作者: 王亚雄
作者简介:熊鑫（1997—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为相变蓄热。E-mail: xx17630900912@163.com。
基金资助:
鄂尔多斯科技重大专项(2019ZD065);内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关计划(2020GG0153)

Visualization and numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in the shell and tube latent thermal energy storage unit by the heating method

XIONG Xin¹(), SU Qingzong², NONG Zengyao¹, WANG Yaxiong¹^,³()

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
^2.School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
^3.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Coal Chemical Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2021-12-02 Revised:2022-12-28 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-27
Contact: WANG Yaxiong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高相变蓄热系统在实际应用中的蓄热速率，本文建立了管壳式相变蓄热单元可视化实验平台，提出了一种外部加热法的强化传热方式，讨论了相变蓄热单元在外部加热法时的熔化特性和传热机理。通过Fluent软件模拟对比了外部加热法和内部加热法在熔化过程中的液相分数、熔化速率和均匀性等方面的差异。研究结果表明：外部加热法的使用能大幅提升蓄热单元的蓄热效率。与内部加热法相比，外部加热法在熔化过程中的传热和相变更加均匀。相比于内部加热法，由于外部加热法传热面积较大，熔化时间缩短了69.1%；在消除传热面积的影响后，外加热方法依靠广泛而强烈的自然对流使熔化时间减少了23.2%。

关键词: 相变蓄热, 熔化特性, 传热机理, 自然对流, 管壳式

Abstract:

In order to improve the heat storage rate of the latent thermal storage system in practical applications, an experimental platform for visualizing the thermal performance of the shell-and-tube latent thermal storage unit is established, an enhanced heat transfer method of the outside heating method is proposed, and the heat transfer mechanism of the outside heating method in the melting process is discussed. The differences between the outside heating method and the inside heating method in terms of liquid fraction and homogeneity are also analyzed by simulation comparison. The results show that the outside heating method has more uniform heat transfer in the melting process compared with the inside heating method. The outside heating method reduces the melting time by 69.1% due to the larger heat transfer area; after eliminating the effect of heat transfer surface, the outside heating method relies on extensive and strong natural convection to reduce the melting time by 23.2%.

Key words: latent heat storage, melting performance, heat transfer mechanism, natural convection, shell and tube

中图分类号:

TQ021.3

熊鑫, 苏庆宗, 农增耀, 王亚雄. 加热方式对管壳式相变蓄热单元强化传热的可视化及数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 4635-4643.

XIONG Xin, SU Qingzong, NONG Zengyao, WANG Yaxiong. Visualization and numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in the shell and tube latent thermal energy storage unit by the heating method[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(9): 4635-4643.

图/表 17

图1 相变蓄热单元测试系统原理图

图2 相变蓄热单元测试系统实物图

表1 材料物性表

物性	RT60	铝合金	PC
密度ρ/kg·m^-3	815	2719	1200
比热容c_p (固体/液体)/J·kg^-1·K^-1	2800/3200	2766.09	1256
热导率k(固体/液体)/W·m^-1·K^-1	0.3/0.2	202.4	0.18
黏度μ/kg·m^-1·s^-1	0.05	—	—
相变潜热L/kJ·kg^-1	220	—	—
熔点T_s/K	329.15	—	—
凝固点T_l/K	333.15	—	—
热膨胀系数β/K^-1	0.0001	—	—

图3 蓄热单元的示意图（单位：mm）

图4 网格单元尺寸无关性分析

图5 时间步长无关性分析

图6 实验结果与模拟结果对比图

图7 不同时刻的固-液相界面

表2 不同时刻的液相分数

时间/s	M_T	M_l	液相分数
0	96724	0	0
300	96724	0	0
600	96724	5763	0.060
900	96724	12611	0.130
1200	95867	23090	0.240
1500	86411	30408	0.352
1800	109000	53607	0.492
2100	116000	73549	0.633
2400	122000	97533	0.799
2700	132000	113000	0.856
2880	146000	134000	0.918
2940	146000	146000	1

图8 不同位置温度随时间的变化图

表3 实验及参数设置

序号	加热方式	热流密度/W·m^-2
1	外部加热法	3309
2	内部加热法	3309
3	内部加热法	12144

图9 不同实验下的液相分数

图10 不同实验的速度流线、温度云图和液相分数云图

图11 不同实验下的熔化速率

图12 不同加热方式时，上部分、下部分的液相分数

图13 外部加热法的热流方向

图14 不同加热方式下，上部分、下部分的平均温度之差

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加热方式对管壳式相变蓄热单元强化传热的可视化及数值模拟

Visualization and numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in the shell and tube latent thermal energy storage unit by the heating method

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