基于薄层黑磷的电化学传感器研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0908

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自2014年首次被报道以来，层状黑磷作为一种新型的二维纳米材料受到了广泛的关注与研究。层状黑磷具有比表面积大、带隙结构可调、载流子迁移率高、生物相容性好及易修饰等特点，是一类潜在的理想生物传感材料。本文将关注层状黑磷在电化学传感器中的应用，根据检测目标物的类型，对最新的研究报道进行了详细分类与讨论，主要包括气体分子、生物小分子、其他小分子、生物大分子、细胞几大类基于层状黑磷构筑的电化学传感器。重点概述了层状黑磷及其复合纳米材料的制备方法与性质，传感器的结构、工作原理与分析性能等。最后讨论了黑磷基纳米材料在电化学传感器中应用的现存问题和未来发展方向，为进一步拓展黑磷纳米材料在分析传感领域的应用提供了参考。

关键词: 层状黑磷, 纳米材料, 电化学, 传感器, 化学分析

Abstract:

Since the first report of layered black phosphorus (BP) in 2014, it has become a new member of two-dimensional nanomaterials and received extensive research attention. Due to the large specific surface area, adjustable band gaps, high carrier mobility, good biocompatibility and easy accessibility for functionalization, BP can serve as a promising candidate for biosensing material. In this review, a survey on the BP-based electrochemical sensors is provided, which are classified according to the type of analytes, including gas molecules, small biological molecules, other small molecules, large biological molecules and cells. Specifically, the preparation methods and properties of BP and its composites, as well as the structure, sensing mechanism and analytical performance of these BP-based electrochemical sensors are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of the application of BP-based nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors are discussed, which provided a perspective on the further applications of BP nanomaterials in the field of chem- and bio-sensing.

Key words: layered black phosphorus, nanomaterials, electrochemistry, sensors, chemical analysis

中图分类号:

唐子龙, 郝远强, 刘又年. 基于薄层黑磷的电化学传感器研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 1925-1940.

TANG Zilong, HAO Yuanqiang, LIU Younian. Recent progress of electrochemical sensors based on layered black phosphorus[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 1925-1940.

图/表 14

图1 BP的晶体结构图[8]（x和y分别对应于BP的扶手椅和Z字形方向）

图2 Co3O4@BP-PEI复合材料的制备流程以及对NO x 检测过程中涉及的化学反应及电荷转移示意图[42]

图3 BP在氧化与还原生物酶电化学传感中的二元特性及“开/关”型酶响应体系示意图[51]

图4 PPy-BPQDs-MIPs/PEDOTNRs 复合物电极的制备流程示意图[52]

图5 NF/BPNSs-G2-β-CD/GCE传感器的制备流程及其对Trp对映体检测的示意图[55]

图6 基于适配体-BP NSs和适配体-AuNP-BPNSs电极的适配体PAT传感器示意图[60]

图7 BP-AuNP-Ap/Au适配体传感器的构建与检测原理示意图[63]

图8 黑磷构建检测Mb的适配体电化学传感器[64]

图9 以BPNPs为标记物与HER电催化剂信号分子的IgG竞争性磁免疫传感器的示意图[66]

图10 基于黑磷量子点@二氧化钛复合光敏材料的纸基光电化学传感器[70]

图11 miR3123适配体传感器的制备过程示意图[71]

图12 基于ECL-RET原理的纸基电化学发光传感器[72]

图13 基于BP@AuNPs@适配体信号探针和磁珠细胞捕获的电化学传感器的示意图[74]

图14 癌细胞检测的电化学传感器[75]

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