碳中和目标下的煤化工变革与发展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳中和目标的达成将对我国煤化工产业的发展产生深刻的影响。本文分析了煤炭消费与煤化工的CO₂排放情况及煤化工在国家经济中的作用，指出碳减排技术与煤化工工艺耦合是实现煤化工碳减排与可持续发展的关键，现实地选择优化产业结构与提高能量利用效率的措施可明显但有限地降低CO₂排放量，认为要实现煤化工亿吨级规模的碳减排必须采用绿电绿氢、碳捕获与封存/碳捕获利用与封存（CCS/CCUS和CO₂）资源化利用技术。文中评述了近年来绿电绿氢、CCS/CCUS和CO₂资源化利用技术应用的主要进展，指出2030年碳达峰前这些碳减排技术将处于关键的示范考验期，能否成熟可靠将决定之后的煤化工发展走向，同时预测氢冶金与绿氨合成示范技术的推广应用将可能导致煤化工产业格局的重大变化。最后基于空气直接捕集CO₂技术与光电催化CO₂转化或模拟光合反应的研究进展，设想了未来可能呈现的零碳化工体系。

关键词: 煤化工, 碳排放, 绿氢, 碳捕获与封存/碳捕获利用与封存技术, 二氧化碳资源化利用

Abstract:

The implementation of carbon neutralization target will have a profound impact on the development of coal chemical industry and technology in China. This paper analyzes the overall CO₂ emission of coal consumption and coal chemical industry and the role of coal chemical industry in the national economy, proposes that the coupling of carbon emission reduction technology and coal chemical process is the key to realize the carbon emission reduction and sustainable development of coal chemical industry and realistically choosing measures to optimize industrial structure and improve energy efficiency can significantly but limited reduce CO₂ emission. In order to achieve CO₂ emission reduction in 100 million ton scale, these technologies of green electricity and green hydrogen, CCS/CCUS and CO₂ resource utilization must be adopted. The paper reviews the main progress on the technologies of green electricity and green hydrogen, CCS/CCUS and CO₂ resource utilization in recent years, and points out that in the 10 years before the carbon peak in 2030, these carbon emission reduction technologies will be in the key demonstration test period. Whether they are mature and reliable will determine the development trend of coal chemical industry after the carbon peak. It is predicted that the demonstration application of hydrogen metallurgy and green ammonia synthesis will possibly lead to significant changes in the structure of coal chemical industry. Finally, the paper prospects and outlines the possible zero carbon chemical industry system based on the research progress of air direct capture CO₂ technology and photo/electro-catalytic CO₂conversion or simulated photosynthetic reaction via CO₂ and water.

Key words: coal chemical industry, carbon emission, green hydrogen, CCS/CCUS technology, CO₂ resource utilization

中图分类号:

TQ536

相宏伟, 杨勇, 李永旺. 碳中和目标下的煤化工变革与发展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1399-1408.

XIANG Hongwei, YANG Yong, LI Yongwang. Transformation and development of coal chemical industry under the goal of carbon neutralization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1399-1408.

图/表 6

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年份 /年	一次能源消费总量 /亿tce	能源相关的CO₂排放总量 /亿吨	煤炭消费量 /亿tce	煤在一次能源消费中占比/%	用煤排放的CO₂量^①/亿吨
2020	49.80	98.94	28.28	56.80	73.50
2030	59	108~116	26	约45	68
2040	55	约86	19	约35	49
2050	52	约55	10	约20	26
2060	47	约20	3	约5	7

年份 /年	一次能源消费总量 /亿tce	能源相关的CO₂排放总量 /亿吨	煤炭消费量 /亿tce	煤在一次能源消费中占比/%	用煤排放的CO₂量^①/亿吨
2020	49.80	98.94	28.28	56.80	73.50
2030	59	108~116	26	约45	68
2040	55	约86	19	约35	49
2050	52	约55	10	约20	26
2060	47	约20	3	约5	7

项目	能源与化工产品
项目	石油	天然气	聚乙烯/聚丙烯	乙二醇	甲醇	合成氨	焦炭	电石
产量/万吨	19500	1888^①	1970/2581	970	6357	4954	47100	2758
消费总量 /万吨	73600	3253^①	3830/3147	2019	—	—	—	—
对外依存度 /%	73.5	43.1	48.0/20.5	52.3	产能过剩	产能过剩	产能过剩	产能过剩
项目	煤化工产品
项目	煤制油	煤制天然气	煤制烯烃	煤制乙二醇	煤制甲醇	煤制合成氨	焦炭	电石
产量/万吨	921	51^①	1362	478	约4500	3651	47100	2758
用途与作用	液体燃料、溶剂油、润滑油、费托蜡等	民用与工业燃气等	生产塑料、日用品等	聚酯、纤维等	精细化工、甲醇汽油、煤制烯原料等	生产尿素、复合肥、硝铵等	用于钢铁冶金等	生产PVC、BDO、精细化学品等

项目	能源与化工产品
项目	石油	天然气	聚乙烯/聚丙烯	乙二醇	甲醇	合成氨	焦炭	电石
产量/万吨	19500	1888^①	1970/2581	970	6357	4954	47100	2758
消费总量 /万吨	73600	3253^①	3830/3147	2019	—	—	—	—
对外依存度 /%	73.5	43.1	48.0/20.5	52.3	产能过剩	产能过剩	产能过剩	产能过剩
项目	煤化工产品
项目	煤制油	煤制天然气	煤制烯烃	煤制乙二醇	煤制甲醇	煤制合成氨	焦炭	电石
产量/万吨	921	51^①	1362	478	约4500	3651	47100	2758
用途与作用	液体燃料、溶剂油、润滑油、费托蜡等	民用与工业燃气等	生产塑料、日用品等	聚酯、纤维等	精细化工、甲醇汽油、煤制烯原料等	生产尿素、复合肥、硝铵等	用于钢铁冶金等	生产PVC、BDO、精细化学品等

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