植物油制备高硫聚合物的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0322

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球的硫黄年产量已达到7000万吨以上，其中约10%无法得到有效利用，逆硫化法为硫黄的高附加值转化提供了一条新途径。植物油是一种丰富、廉价、可再生的绿色资源，研究植物油和硫黄通过逆硫化法制备高硫聚合物具有重要的意义。本文介绍了植物油通过逆硫化法制备高硫聚合物的基本原理，概括了用菜籽油、大豆油等不同类型植物油制备高硫聚合物的进展，归纳了植物油基高硫聚合物在重金属吸附、自修复、缓释肥料、原油吸附等领域的应用及作用机理，指出了植物油基高硫聚合物硫含量是有一定限制的，需要进一步探究构效关系；氯化钠造孔用量大，需要进一步优化造孔工艺；聚合物力学性能较差，需要引入其他材料及改进合成工艺。最后，提出了大豆油及地沟油合成高硫聚合物是未来的研究方向，作为缓释肥料具有较大应用潜力。

关键词: 植物油, 逆硫化, 重金属吸附, 自修复, 缓释材料

Abstract:

The global sulfur production has reached more than 70 million tons, of which about 10% cannot be effectively used. The reverse vulcanization method provided a new way for high value-added conversion of sulfur. Vegetable oil is a kind of abundant, cheap and renewable green resource. It is of great significance to study the preparation of high sulfur polymer from vegetable oil and sulfur through reverse vulcanization. This paper introduced the basic principle of preparation of high sulfur polymer by reverse vulcanization of vegetable oil, and the progress of preparation of high sulfur polymer by different types of vegetable oil such as rapeseed oil and soybean oil was summarized. The application and mechanism of plant oil-based high sulfur polymer in heavy metal adsorption, self-healing, slow release fertilizer, crude oil adsorption and other fields were introduced. It was pointed out that the sulfur content of vegetable oil-based high sulfur polymers had certain limitations and further exploration of the structure-activity relationship was needed. The amount of sodium chloride used for pore formation was large and further optimization of the pore formation process was necessary. The mechanical properties of the polymer were poor, and other materials should be introduced and the synthesis process needed to be improved. Finally, it was suggested that the future research direction was to study the synthesis of high sulfur polymer from soybean oil and gutter oil, and slow release fertilizer had great application potential.

Key words: vegetable oil, reverse vulcanization, heavy metal adsorption, self-healing, controlled-release material

中图分类号:

TQ31

赵凯强, 刘浩, 戴振华, 孙振峰, 杨超, 马诚. 植物油制备高硫聚合物的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1454-1465.

ZHAO Kaiqiang, LIU Hao, DAI Zhenhua, SUN Zhenfeng, YANG Chao, MA Cheng. Research progress in preparation of high sulfur polymers from vegetable oils[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1454-1465.

图/表 9

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植物油	脂肪酸质量分数/%
植物油	油酸	亚油酸	棕榈酸	硬脂酸	亚麻酸
葵花籽油	21.4	66.4	6.1	5.3	—
高油酸葵花籽油	80.3	10.4	3.5	4.4	—
红花油	17.9	73.2	6.4	2.5	—
高油酸红花油	77.5	13.2	4.6	2.2	—
高亚油酸红花油	14.6	75.2	6.7	2.6	—
豆油	20.2	63.6	6.0	5.2	5.0
高油酸大豆油	83.6	3.7	6.2	3.0	1.7
玉米油	26.7	59.8	10.6	2.0	0.9
棉籽油	41.0	38.0	18.0	2.0	1.0
菜籽油	64.4	22.2	2.5	1.0	8.2
花生油	50.0	30.0	10.0	3.0	—
亚麻籽油	22.0	17.0	5.0	3.0	52.0
橄榄油	64.0	16.0	14.0	2.0	2.0
椰子油	7.0	1.0	9.0	2.0	—
棕榈油	41.0	10.0	42.0	5.0	—

植物油	脂肪酸质量分数/%
植物油	油酸	亚油酸	棕榈酸	硬脂酸	亚麻酸
葵花籽油	21.4	66.4	6.1	5.3	—
高油酸葵花籽油	80.3	10.4	3.5	4.4	—
红花油	17.9	73.2	6.4	2.5	—
高油酸红花油	77.5	13.2	4.6	2.2	—
高亚油酸红花油	14.6	75.2	6.7	2.6	—
豆油	20.2	63.6	6.0	5.2	5.0
高油酸大豆油	83.6	3.7	6.2	3.0	1.7
玉米油	26.7	59.8	10.6	2.0	0.9
棉籽油	41.0	38.0	18.0	2.0	1.0
菜籽油	64.4	22.2	2.5	1.0	8.2
花生油	50.0	30.0	10.0	3.0	—
亚麻籽油	22.0	17.0	5.0	3.0	52.0
橄榄油	64.0	16.0	14.0	2.0	2.0
椰子油	7.0	1.0	9.0	2.0	—
棕榈油	41.0	10.0	42.0	5.0	—

植物油种类	合成条件	工艺	应用领域	参考文献
菜籽油、葵花籽油、橄榄油	180℃	研磨	吸附Hg金属	[19]
菜籽油、米糠油、蓖麻油	175℃	造孔	吸附Hg²⁺	[24]
葵花籽油、亚麻籽油、橄榄油	160℃	—	锂硫电池	[23]
玉米油	170℃	—	—	[30]
棉籽油	150℃	研磨	吸附Hg²⁺	[32]
大豆油	165℃	研磨	硫肥	[34]
菜籽油	180℃	包裹	缓释肥料	[33]
菜籽油	180℃	造孔	吸附Fe³⁺	[35]
菜籽油	180℃	造孔	吸附油	[36]
菜籽油	170℃	固化成型	自修复	[37]
菜籽油	170℃	造孔、压缩成型	自修复	[38]
菜籽油	180℃	造孔、压缩成型	吸附Pb²⁺、限制浸出	[39]
橡胶籽油	164℃	涂敷	缓释肥料	[40]
蓖麻油	170℃	研磨	抗氧化、抗菌	[41]

植物油种类	合成条件	工艺	应用领域	参考文献
菜籽油、葵花籽油、橄榄油	180℃	研磨	吸附Hg金属	[19]
菜籽油、米糠油、蓖麻油	175℃	造孔	吸附Hg²⁺	[24]
葵花籽油、亚麻籽油、橄榄油	160℃	—	锂硫电池	[23]
玉米油	170℃	—	—	[30]
棉籽油	150℃	研磨	吸附Hg²⁺	[32]
大豆油	165℃	研磨	硫肥	[34]
菜籽油	180℃	包裹	缓释肥料	[33]
菜籽油	180℃	造孔	吸附Fe³⁺	[35]
菜籽油	180℃	造孔	吸附油	[36]
菜籽油	170℃	固化成型	自修复	[37]
菜籽油	170℃	造孔、压缩成型	自修复	[38]
菜籽油	180℃	造孔、压缩成型	吸附Pb²⁺、限制浸出	[39]
橡胶籽油	164℃	涂敷	缓释肥料	[40]
蓖麻油	170℃	研磨	抗氧化、抗菌	[41]

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