盐水体系中CO2水合物形成与碳封存研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1364

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于气候变化的挑战和“碳达峰、碳中和”战略的迫切需要，水合物法CO₂封存技术（HCS）得到了越来越多研究者的关注。该方法旨在将CO₂注入具有低温和高压的地质环境（例如海洋深处）中形成固态水合物，完成碳封存。为了实现HCS技术的大规模应用，需要对盐水体系CO₂水合物的生成机理和行为进行深入研究。本文从反应机理的角度出发，梳理和总结了NaCl对CO₂水合物生成和HCS技术实际应用的影响，介绍了现有的海洋水合物封存项目，对科研工作中常用的微观分析手段和动力学分子模拟进行了综述。分析发现，对于盐水体系中CO₂水合物形成机理的研究还不够充分，现有的分析手段难以到达所需的微观尺度。为了HCS技术得到长足有效的发展和未来的大规模应用，提高CO₂封存效率和稳定性，需要全面、精确地研究各种影响因素的作用机理，将更多的分析手段应用到反应机理的研究中，本文基于此提出了可能的研究方向和新思路。

关键词: CO₂水合物, 碳封存, 盐水, 碳减排

Abstract:

Due to the challenges of climate change and the urgent need for "dual carbon" strategy,hydrate-based CO₂ sequestration (HCS) has received increasing attention from more and more researchers. This method aims to inject CO₂into geological environments with low temperatures and high pressures (such as the deep ocean) to form solid hydrates, achieving the carbon sequestration. To realize the large-scale application of HCS technology, it is essential to conduct profound studies on the formation mechanisms and behavior of CO₂ hydrates in saline systems. From the perspective of reaction mechanisms, this work reviews and summarizes the influence of NaCl on the formation of CO₂ hydrates and the practical application of HCS technology. It also introduces existing marine hydrate sequestration projects and provides an overview of the commonly used microscopic analysis techniques and molecular dynamics in research. It is found that the current research on the formation mechanisms of CO₂ hydrate in saline systems is not comprehensive enough, and existing analytical techniques unable to reach the required microscopic scales. It is crucial to comprehensively and accurately study the mechanisms of various influencing factors in order to significantly and effectively promote and large-scalely use the HCS technology in future, and improve CO₂ sequestration efficiency and stability. Additionally, it is also necessary to integrate more analytical methods into the study of reaction mechanisms. Based on these considerations, the paper proposes potential research directions and innovative ideas.

Key words: CO₂ hydrate, carbon sequestration, brine system, carbon emission reduction

中图分类号:

O643.1

付骏, 徐纯刚, 李云昊, 李小森. 盐水体系中CO₂水合物形成与碳封存研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(10): 5926-5940.

FU Jun, XU Chungang, LI Yunhao, LI Xiaosen. Research progress on CO₂ hydrate formation and carbon sequestration in brine systems[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(10): 5926-5940.

图/表 10

图1 1900—2023年全球能源相关CO2排放量及每年的变化[2]

图2 深海沉积物中碳固存的示意图[11]

图3 Cl-参与笼的形成[25]（虚线表示氢键的形成，蓝球为Cl-）

图4 初始5h和50~60h的平均水合物生成速率[20]

图5 CO2水合物在有无盐水溶液的石英砂中随解离时间的CO2释放百分比以及释放90% CO2所需的时间[38]

图6 中国海油“恩平15-1”原油钻采平台

图7 实验装置示意图

图8 盐水注入后第一周内水合物稳定性的俯视图展示[32]

图9 水合物表面上的树枝状冰晶和多面体冰晶[62]

图10 CO2水合物生长过程中的X射线衍射剖面[74]

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盐水体系中CO₂水合物形成与碳封存研究进展

Research progress on CO₂ hydrate formation and carbon sequestration in brine systems

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