高碳排工业“碳中和”潜在途径

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0783

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳酸盐矿物高温炼制过程高碳排和高能耗是建材、钢铁、有色冶金等传统工业发展面临的巨大挑战，碳酸盐催化加氢转化技术通过将金属氧化物的生产过程与碳资源的高附加值转化过程耦合，有望从生产源头颠覆传统碳酸盐热分解必产二氧化碳的途径。在该过程中，利用供氢分子（如氢气、低碳烷烃、液态有机富含氢物质等）直接将碳酸盐矿物中的碳物种原位转化为高值含碳化学品，从而有望大幅降低减排成本，有望成为基于碳酸盐矿物为原料的高碳排工业“碳中和”创新技术。本文以碳酸盐催化加氢转化技术制备不同产品为出发点，从过程特点、反应机理、催化剂设计和关键技术瓶颈等方面进行了综述，分析了碳酸盐加氢转化技术制备不同产品的研究现状和现存问题；结合近期关于碳酸盐催化加氢的最新研究进展，提出了基于碳酸盐矿物原料加氢转化在建材、钢铁、耐材等重排放工业过程碳减排的应用展望，为实现CO₂的高效转化和减排增效提供了思路。

关键词: 碳中和, 碳酸盐矿物, 加氢, 催化, 二氧化碳减排

Abstract:

Intensive carbon emissions and energy consumptions are the technical bottleneck for sustainable developments of traditional industries, such as the cement, steel and metallurgy, which are mainly caused by the thermal decomposition of various carbonate minerals. The technology of hydrogen-driven carbonate catalytic reduction integrates metal oxide production and high-value-added conversion of carbon resources processes to overturn the inevitable CO₂ emission in conventional thermal decomposition pathway. In this process, the resource of hydrogen can be widely referred to various hydrogen donors (e.g., H₂, alkane or other substances containing hydrogen), and the high-value-added products can be C₁-products or C₂₊ hydrocarbon, thus significantly reducing the overall costs of the reduction of carbon emissions. Furthermore, the novel technology was expected to provide technical supports for the goal of carbon neutrality in intensive-carbon-emission industrial sectors using carbonate minerals as raw materials. This review presented the developments and progresses of the carbonate hydrogenation technology. Along with the clue of various value-added products, the characteristics of processes, reaction mechanisms, catalysts design and the key bottlenecks of the technologies were introduced, respectively. Based on the analysis of state-of-the-art works of catalytic carbonate hydrogenation, the challenges as well as the potential applications of the technologies in these energy-intensive industries with carbonate minerals as raw materials were proposed, which provided promising new pathways for carbon neutrality.

Key words: carbon neutrality, carbonate minerals, hydrogenation, catalysis, reduction of CO₂ emission

中图分类号:

TQ115

邵斌, 栗粟, 马榕廷, 谢志成, 高梓皓, 贾中昊, 王文慧, 孙哲毅, 胡军. 高碳排工业“碳中和”潜在途径[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(11): 5995-6009.

SHAO Bin, LI Su, MA Rongting, XIE Zhicheng, GAO Zihao, JIA Zhonghao, WANG Wenhui, SUN Zheyi, HU Jun. Catalytic hydrogenation of carbonate minerals: A promising pathway to carbon neutrality for industries with intensive carbon emissions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(11): 5995-6009.

图/表 10

图1 碳酸盐加氢还原炼制联产高附加值化学品示意图

图2 CaDRM路线与碳酸钙直接热解热力学分析[16]（常压，甲烷与碳酸盐摩尔比为1∶1）

图3 碳酸钙加氢制高附加值含碳化学品（CH4、CO等）

图4 水相碳酸盐加氢制甲酸盐性能和机理

图5 常规CO2加氢合成甲醇的反应路径[60]

图6 CO2原位氧化乙烷脱氢的主要反应路径[66]

图7 基于碳酸盐加氢转化的行业间产业链协同示意图

图8 CaDRM路线与传统碳酸盐热解水泥熟料生产路线技术经济分析[16]

图9 以菱铁矿为原料、采用碳酸盐加氢还原炼制（DHFeC）创新路线与传统高炉炼铁制路线对比

图10 不同氢气和电能的生产能源（煤炭、风能、太阳能）对菱镁矿加氢耦合甲醇生产（DHC-STM）技术经济性分析[79]

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