离焦图像法颗粒多参数在线测量技术

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1941

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

图像法颗粒在线分析技术可以获得稀疏颗粒两相流中颗粒相的速度、粒度以及数目浓度等参数及其三维分布，具有非侵入、系统操作简便、结果直观等优点，但由于成像系统景深有限，易导致成像的离焦模糊，阻碍了其在颗粒在线测量方面的应用。然而颗粒图像的离焦模糊程度其实蕴含了颗粒的深度位置等信息，利用离焦模糊进行颗粒关键参数测量的技术逐渐得到研究人员重视。本文回顾了离焦图像法颗粒多参数测量的发展历史，简述了三种典型的离焦法（基于单相机的特殊光阑法和像散法，以及基于双相机的异像距法）颗粒深度位置测量原理，分析了不同方法的优劣势，指出在深度学习等先进图像处理算法的加持下，离焦图像法有望在颗粒在线测量领域得到更加广泛应用。

关键词: 图像法, 离焦, 速度, 粒度, 颗粒测量

Abstract:

The imaging technique for particle online analysis can obtain parameters, including velocity, particle size, number, and concentration of the particle phase in sparse two-phase flow, and their three-dimensional distribution. This technique is non-invasive, simple to operate, and provides intuitive results. However, the limited depth of field in the imaging system can lead to defocus blur, which hinders its application in online particle measurement. In fact, the degree of defocus blur of the particle image contains the depth position information of particles, and the use of defocus blur to measure key particle parameters has attracted increasing attention from researchers. This paper reviews the development history of multi-parameter measurement of particles by defocusing image method. The principle of depth measurement of 3 typical defocus methods (special diaphragm method and astigmatism method based on a single camera, and two-imaging distance method based on two cameras) is briefly described. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed. It is pointed out that with the support of advanced image processing algorithms, such as deep learning, defocus imaging method will be more widely used in the field of online particle measurement.

Key words: imaging method, defocus, velocity, size, particle measurement

中图分类号:

TH89

周骛, 龚文超, 徐日辛. 离焦图像法颗粒多参数在线测量技术[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(2): 586-592.

ZHOU Wu, GONG Wenchao, XU Rixin. Online measurement techniques for multi-parameters of particles based on defocus imaging[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(2): 586-592.

图/表 7

参考文献 37

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项目	层析成像法	光场成像法	全息成像法	离焦成像法
宽度测量范围	10~1000mm	10~1000mm	约10mm	0.1~10mm
深度测量范围	<1倍景深	6~10倍景深	可达10倍宽度或更大	5~15倍景深
空间分辨率	较高	较低	较高	高
优点	技术相对成熟	单视角成像	测量深度/宽度比较大	设备操作简单
缺点	需多视角成像	分辨率相对较低	光路和数据处理较复杂	部分有深度位置二义性

项目	层析成像法	光场成像法	全息成像法	离焦成像法
宽度测量范围	10~1000mm	10~1000mm	约10mm	0.1~10mm
深度测量范围	<1倍景深	6~10倍景深	可达10倍宽度或更大	5~15倍景深
空间分辨率	较高	较低	较高	高
优点	技术相对成熟	单视角成像	测量深度/宽度比较大	设备操作简单
缺点	需多视角成像	分辨率相对较低	光路和数据处理较复杂	部分有深度位置二义性

项目	普通成像法	三孔光阑法	环形光阑法	像差法	双参数法
解决二义性	×	√	×	√	√
浓度测量范围	较高	略低	略低	较高	较高
深度测量精度	略低	较高	较高	较高	略低
优点	设备简单	测量精度较高	处理算法简单	精度较高	鲁棒性高
缺点	聚焦处误差大	图像匹配复杂	浓度范围较低	成像变形	需两张照片

项目	普通成像法	三孔光阑法	环形光阑法	像差法	双参数法
解决二义性	×	√	×	√	√
浓度测量范围	较高	略低	略低	较高	较高
深度测量精度	略低	较高	较高	较高	略低
优点	设备简单	测量精度较高	处理算法简单	精度较高	鲁棒性高
缺点	聚焦处误差大	图像匹配复杂	浓度范围较低	成像变形	需两张照片

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