液-液水力旋流器分离效率深度提升技术探讨

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2545

化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 6590-6603.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2545

液-液水力旋流器分离效率深度提升技术探讨

宋民航¹(), 赵立新²^,³(), 徐保蕊²^,³, 刘琳²^,³, 张爽²^,³

^1.中国科学院过程工程研究所, 北京 100190
^2.东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院，黑龙江大庆 163318
^3.黑龙江省石油石化多相介质处理及污染防治重点实验室，黑龙江大庆 163318

收稿日期:2020-12-21 修回日期:2021-03-08 出版日期:2021-12-05 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: 赵立新
作者简介:宋民航（1986—），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事多相旋流分离及煤炭清洁高效燃烧方面的研究工作。E-mail：songminhang@126.com。
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划(2012AA061303);黑龙江省自然科学基金（重点）项目(ZD2020E001);东北石油大学“龙江学者”配套经费支持项目(lj201803)

Discussion on technology of improving separation efficiency of liquid-liquid hydrocyclone

SONG Minhang¹(), ZHAO Lixin²^,³(), XU Baorui²^,³, LIU Lin²^,³, ZHANG Shuang²^,³

^1.Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^2.School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China
^3.Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Petrochemical Multiphase Treatment and Pollution Prevention, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2020-12-21 Revised:2021-03-08 Online:2021-12-05 Published:2021-12-21
Contact: ZHAO Lixin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决微小粒径分散相分离效率不高，制约水力旋流器分离效率深度提升的问题，本文以液-液水力旋流器为分析对象，在总结已有理论及研究成果基础上，分别从影响旋流分离效率的关键物理因素，包括分散相在旋流场内的停留时间、分散相粒径、分散相距轴心旋转半径、分散相切向旋转速度以及旋流分离工艺系统五个方面出发，首先对已有提升旋流分离效率的水力旋流器串联工艺、分散相粒径聚结器、小直径旋流分离器及增强切向速度的动态水力旋流器等技术措施进行分析总结，并在此基础上提出了促进旋流分离效率深度提升的新型技术方案，为液-液两相以及固-液、气-液、气-液-固等多相混合介质的高效旋流分离器设计及系统优化提供一定理论及技术支撑。

关键词: 水力旋流器, 停留时间, 粒径, 旋转半径, 切向速度, 分离效率

Abstract:

To solve the problem of low separation efficiency for small particle size , which restricts the deep improvement of the cyclone separation efficiency, the liquid-liquid hydrocyclone was chosen as the analysis object. The key physical factors affecting the separation efficiency were summarized, including the residence time of discrete phase in the swirl field, particle size of discrete phase, rotation radius of discrete phase from the central axis, tangential rotation velocity of discrete phase, and the whole separation process system. Specifically, it was first analyzed and summarized in this work the current technical measures to improve cyclone separation efficiency, such as two-stage series hydrocyclone, dispersed phase coalescer, small-diameter hydrocyclone, and dynamic hydrocyclone that can increase the tangential velocity. Then, several new technical solutions to improve the separation efficiency were proposed from multiple aspects, which provides certain theoretical and technical support for the high-efficiency hydrocyclone design and system optimization for liquid-liquid, solid-liquid, gas-liquid, gas-liquid-solid and other multiphase mixtures.

Key words: hydrocyclone, residence time, particle size, rotation radius, tangential velocity, separation efficiency

中图分类号:

TQ051.8

宋民航, 赵立新, 徐保蕊, 刘琳, 张爽. 液-液水力旋流器分离效率深度提升技术探讨[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6590-6603.

SONG Minhang, ZHAO Lixin, XU Baorui, LIU Lin, ZHANG Shuang. Discussion on technology of improving separation efficiency of liquid-liquid hydrocyclone[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6590-6603.

图/表 19

图1 典型液-液水力旋流器结构示意图1—溢流管；2—切向入口；3—底流管（轴向）；4—小锥段；5—大锥段；6—圆柱段；7—内锥体；8—底流管（切向）

图2 水力旋流器内部典型切向速度分布

图3 水力旋流器分离效率深度提升的可行性路径框图

图4 水力旋流器两级串联的典型工艺布置1—入口处理液；2— 一级溢流；3—二级溢流；4—轻质相；5—重质相；6—二级底流；7—水力旋流器（二级）；8— 一级底流；9—水力旋流器（一级）

图5 井下两级旋流分离装置结构及油相体积分数分布1— 一级入口；2—螺旋流道；3— 一级旋流腔；4— 一级外锥段；5—过渡段；6—二级旋流腔；7—二级底流管；8—二级小锥段；9—二级大锥段；10—二级溢流管；11— 一级底流管；12—锥形分流体；13— 一级溢流管

图6 紧凑型二次分离水力旋流器结构及油相体积分数分布1—溢流管；2—切向入口；3—内锥；4—切向底流出口；5—轴向底流出口；6—双层同轴溢流管；7—中空内锥；8—螺旋流道

图7 采用微孔材料的气携式旋流器结构简图1—溢流管；2—切向入口；3—注气管；4—高强度微孔材料；5—底流管；6—小锥段壳体；7—大锥段壳体；8—圆柱段壳体

图8 基于旋流聚结思路的微粒径分散相聚结器1—水力旋流器；2—旋流聚结器；3—螺旋管聚结器；4—旋流聚结段；5—旋流分离段

图9 分散相梯级聚结旋流器结构示意图及聚结原理1—微粒径通道；2—小粒径通道；3—中粒径通道；4—旋流腔；5—底流管；6—螺旋管入口；7—螺旋管；8—内切向入口；9—外切向入口；10—梯级聚结腔；11—溢流管

图10 进口颗粒排序型旋流器结构及颗粒排序示意图1—旋流器；2—溢流管；3—矩形切向出口；4—排序腔；5—颗粒排序器；6—矩形切向进口；7—芯棒；8—灰斗；9—底流管；10—分离腔

图11 应用于钛白粉分离的小直径水力旋流器

图12 基于粒径重构梯级分离的水力旋流器结构设计及油相体积分数分布1—溢流管；2—切向入口；3—大直径旋流腔；4—底流管；5—小直径旋流腔；6—入口弯管；7—分隔板；8—合并切向底流管；9—双层同轴溢流管

图13 典型动态水力旋流器结构示意图1—处理液入口；2—旋转叶片；3—旋转筒；4—中心溢流管；5—底流管；6—电动机；7—传动轮

图14 轴向涡流分离器结构示意图1—入口；2—加速区；3—柱状转鼓；4—驱动机构；5—稳流区；6—轻质相收集管；7—轻质相出口；8—重质相出口；9—静止锥筒；10—螺旋形叶片

图15 自旋式旋流分离器结构示意图1—溢流管；2—反推射流口；3—可调挡板；4—切向入口；5—自旋溢流管；6—底流出口；7—旋流腔；8—翅片；9—旋转轴承；10—自旋旋流腔；11—内锥；12—动叶片；13—静叶片

图16 典型旋流分离工艺系统布置1—处理液；2—取样管；3—流量计；4—溢流；5—旋流分离段；6—取样段；7—分流比调节段；8—富油相；9—富水相；10—底流；11—泵；12—阀门

图17 防止液滴湍流破碎的轴向内芯阀门结构示意图1—处理液入口；2—阀体；3—旋转手柄；4—流线型内芯；5—液流出口

图18 Cyclone-based低剪切阀结构示意图1—阀门出口；2—锥形旋流室；3—圆锥体；4—阀笼；5—导流叶片；6—阀门入口；7—阀杆

图19 分离比调节阀门结构示意图1—液流入口；2—阀体；3—内芯；4—液流出口；5—齿轮和齿条；6—旋转手柄

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液-液水力旋流器分离效率深度提升技术探讨

Discussion on technology of improving separation efficiency of liquid-liquid hydrocyclone

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