不同表面活性剂对单相微乳液特性的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0406

化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (S1): 350-356.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0406

不同表面活性剂对单相微乳液特性的影响

徐波¹^,²(), 蒋国斌¹^,²^,³(), 于劲磊¹^,², 胡金燕¹^,², 赵靓¹^,², 徐炳科¹^,²

^1.中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司安全环保与技术监督研究院，四川成都 610000
^2.页岩气评价与开采四川省重点实验室，四川成都 610000
^3.西南交通大学博士后科研流动站，四川成都 611756

收稿日期:2020-03-18 修回日期:2021-02-25 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-11-09
通讯作者: 蒋国斌
作者简介:徐波（1986—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向为含油固废处理与处置。E-mail：xu_bo1@petrochina.com.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0213802)

Impact of different surfactants on characteristics of single-phase microemulsions

XU Bo¹^,²(), JIANG Guobin¹^,²^,³(), YU Jinlei¹^,², HU Jinyan¹^,², ZHAO Liang¹^,², XU Bingke¹^,²

^1.Safety, Environment and Technology Supervision Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
^2.Sichuan Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Exploitation of Shale Gas, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
^3.Postdoctoral Research Station of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, Sichuan, China

Received:2020-03-18 Revised:2021-02-25 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-09
Contact: JIANG Guobin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

表面活性剂是影响微乳液特性的关键因素之一。本文选取聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯（Tween 80）、烷基糖苷1214（APG 1214）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和95%纯度鼠李糖脂（R-95%）这6种表面活性剂，通过对其乳化性能和临界胶束浓度进行筛选，结合其形成微乳液的拟三元相图、粒径分布和界面张力分析其特性，并提出微乳液增溶油能力和增溶油成本。研究表明：APG 1214、SDBS、Tween 80乳化性能好、临界胶束浓度低具有更易形成微乳液的优势；5种表面活性剂（Tween 80、SDBS、APG 1214、SDS、AES）均可与正丁醇、水和3号白油自发形成单相微乳液，单相区面积大小为AES型>SDS型>APG 1214型>Tween 80型>SDBS型，最大增溶油能力大小为SDS型>AES型>APG 1214型>Tween 80型>SDBS型，最低增溶油成本大小为AES型<SDS型<SDBS型<APG 1214型<Tween 80型。SDS型和AES型微乳液在表面活性剂+助表面活性剂与水的比例分别为(6∶4)~(7∶3)和(7∶3)~(8∶2)时，形成微乳液的增溶油能力强和增溶油成本低，是较好的油类清洗应用参考配方范围。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 单相微乳液, 拟三元相图, 增溶油能力, 粒径, 界面张力

Abstract:

The surfactant is one of the key factors that affecting the characteristics of microemulsions. Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), alkyl polyglycoside 1214 (APG 1214), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and rhamnolipid of 95% purity (R-95%) were selected for emulsification property and critical micelle concentration analysis. The capacities and cost of oil solubilization of microemulsions were proposed by analyzing the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, particle size distribution and interfacial tension. The results showed that APG 1214, SDBS and Tween 80 were easier to form microemulsions because of their better emulsification properties and lower critical micelle concentrations. A single-phase microemulsion can spontaneously formed by five surfactants (Tween 80, SDBS, APG 1214, SDS, AES), n-butyl alcohol, water and 3# white oil. The area of single-phase microemulsion were showed as AES type>SDS type>APG 1214 type>Tween 80 type>SDBS type. The maximum capacities of oil solubilization were showed as SDS type>AES type>APG 1214 type>Tween 80 type>SDBS type. The minimum cost of oil solubilization were showed as AES type<SDS microemulsion<SDBS type<APG 1214 type<Tween 80 type. The ratio ranges of surfactant + co-surfactant to water in SDS and AES microemulsions which have better capacities and lower cost of oil solubilization were (6∶4)—(7∶3) and (7∶3)—(8∶2) respectively which were appropriate for oil cleaning applications.

Key words: surfactant, single-phase microemulsion, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, oil solubilization capacity, particle size, interfacial tension

中图分类号:

X741

徐波, 蒋国斌, 于劲磊, 胡金燕, 赵靓, 徐炳科. 不同表面活性剂对单相微乳液特性的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 350-356.

XU Bo, JIANG Guobin, YU Jinlei, HU Jinyan, ZHAO Liang, XU Bingke. Impact of different surfactants on characteristics of single-phase microemulsions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(S1): 350-356.

图/表 8

图1 6种表面活性剂的乳化性能

图2 4种离子型表面活性剂的K-c曲线

图3 5类微乳液拟三元相图

图4 微乳液增溶油能力

表1 5种表面活性剂及正丁醇参考价格

试剂	价格/万元·t^-1
n-BuOH	0.6
SDBS	0.4
AES	0.7
SDS	1.2
APG 1214	1.3
Tween 80	1.6

图5 5类微乳液增溶油成本

表2 5个微乳液界面张力

微乳液	界面张力/mN·m^-1
Tween 80型	4.189×10^-2
SDBS型	1.433×10^-1
SDS型	3.187×10^-1
AES型	3.019×10^-1
APG 1214型	7.56×10^-2

图6 5类微乳液粒径分布

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不同表面活性剂对单相微乳液特性的影响

Impact of different surfactants on characteristics of single-phase microemulsions

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