单原子催化技术国际研究态势分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1879

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

单原子催化剂具有独特的物理和化学特性，在一些化学反应中优于传统催化剂，单原子催化技术已取得了长足的进步，有望成为下一代催化剂。文章追溯了单原子催化剂的概念起源，并采用文献计量学和专利统计学方法，运用多维指标分析了单原子催化领域相关论文和专利。结果表明，单原子催化基础研究和开发应用研究均处于技术上升期，中国在单原子催化领域处于国际引领地位。在基础研究中，中国科学院、清华大学、美国能源部表现出了超强实力；在开发应用研究中，尽管中国专利的申请量占绝对优势，但美国政府部门已为单原子催化剂工业化做好专利布局。高价值专利中以Pt原子与碳材料载体组成的单原子催化剂为最多。最后指出单原子极限下精确调节催化材料是单原子催化剂工业化制备面临的挑战。

关键词: 单原子, 催化, 载体, 工业化, 制备

Abstract:

Single-atom catalysts with unique physical and chemical properties are superior to traditional catalysts for some chemical reactions and thus will become the next generation catalysts. Single-atom catalysts technology has made great progress. Here, the origin of single-atom catalyst was traced back, and bibliometrics and patent statistics methods were used to analyze the related papers and patents in the field of single-atom catalysts from multi-dimensional indicators. The results show that both the basic theory and application research of single-atom are catalysts in the rising stage, and China is in the international leading position. In basic research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University and the U.S. Department of Energy have demonstrated super strength. In application research, although China has the most patent applications, the patent layout in single-atom industrialization was best done by the U.S. governments. The most valuable patents for single-atom catalysts are those composed of active center of Pt atoms and carbon materials. Finally, the challenge to achieve real industrial applications of single-atom catalysis is pointed out to be the precise regulation of the catalytic materials within their single-atom limit.

Key words: single-atom, catalysis, support, industrialize, preparation

中图分类号:

TQ426

高彦静. 单原子催化技术国际研究态势分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4667-4676.

GAO Yanjing. Analysis of international research trend of single-atom catalysis technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4667-4676.

图/表 7

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催化剂	金属单原子	载体	应用	参考文献
Pt/FeO	Pt	Fe₂O₃	甲烷氧化	[8]
Pt/TiN	Pt	TiN	PEM燃料电池	[17]
Rh₁/Al₂O₃	Rh₁	Al₂O₃	O₂活化和CO氧化	[30]
Pd-Cu/ Al₂O₃	Pd/Cu	Al₂O₃	氢化反应	[23]
Cu/CeO₂	Cu	CeO₂	氧化还原	[22]
Ag/MnO₂	Ag	MnO₂多孔空心微球	光照下大肠杆菌的灭活	[31]
Co-N-C	Co	N掺杂炭	降解污染物	[20]
Ru₃O₂/rGO	Ru₃O₂	rGO	氧化脱氢	[32]
Rh1/VO₂	Rh	VO₂	NH₃BH₃水解	[19]
Fe-MoS₂	Fe	2D MoS₂	硝酸盐还原反应(环境污染)	[21]
Bi-N-4和Zn-N-4	Bi/Zn	氮掺杂炭	Co₂还原反应	[33]
Pt₁/HAP	Pt	hydroxyapatite	氧化还原	[34]
M₁/TiO₂	Pd、Pt、Rh、Ir	TiO₂	降低析氢能垒	[18]

催化剂	金属单原子	载体	应用	参考文献
Pt/FeO	Pt	Fe₂O₃	甲烷氧化	[8]
Pt/TiN	Pt	TiN	PEM燃料电池	[17]
Rh₁/Al₂O₃	Rh₁	Al₂O₃	O₂活化和CO氧化	[30]
Pd-Cu/ Al₂O₃	Pd/Cu	Al₂O₃	氢化反应	[23]
Cu/CeO₂	Cu	CeO₂	氧化还原	[22]
Ag/MnO₂	Ag	MnO₂多孔空心微球	光照下大肠杆菌的灭活	[31]
Co-N-C	Co	N掺杂炭	降解污染物	[20]
Ru₃O₂/rGO	Ru₃O₂	rGO	氧化脱氢	[32]
Rh1/VO₂	Rh	VO₂	NH₃BH₃水解	[19]
Fe-MoS₂	Fe	2D MoS₂	硝酸盐还原反应(环境污染)	[21]
Bi-N-4和Zn-N-4	Bi/Zn	氮掺杂炭	Co₂还原反应	[33]
Pt₁/HAP	Pt	hydroxyapatite	氧化还原	[34]
M₁/TiO₂	Pd、Pt、Rh、Ir	TiO₂	降低析氢能垒	[18]

专利公开号	专利名称	许可人	被许可人
US20120004098A1	高度分散的金属催化剂	萨凡纳河核能解决方案有限责任公司	美国能源部
US20200030774A1	使用集成在单片基板上的 TiO₂纳米线阵列的低温柴油氧化催化剂	康涅狄格大学	美国能源部
US20210016256A1	用于稳定金属单原子和簇催化剂的功能性纳米级金属氧化物	美国亚利桑那州立大学	美国国家科学基金会
US20190276943A1	碳负载单原子二氧化碳还原电催化剂	芝加哥Argonne有限责任公司	美国能源部

专利公开号	专利名称	许可人	被许可人
US20120004098A1	高度分散的金属催化剂	萨凡纳河核能解决方案有限责任公司	美国能源部
US20200030774A1	使用集成在单片基板上的 TiO₂纳米线阵列的低温柴油氧化催化剂	康涅狄格大学	美国能源部
US20210016256A1	用于稳定金属单原子和簇催化剂的功能性纳米级金属氧化物	美国亚利桑那州立大学	美国国家科学基金会
US20190276943A1	碳负载单原子二氧化碳还原电催化剂	芝加哥Argonne有限责任公司	美国能源部

专利公开号	单原子	载体	制备方法	应用领域	当前专利权人	价值评估/USD
JP2016195112A	Pt	碳材料	浸渍	燃料电池、气体扩散电子	日本恩亿凯嘉股份有限公司	1970000
CN107008479A	Pt	α‑MoC₁‑x	高温裂解	醇类水相重整制氢	北京大学	660000
CN108480656A	Bi	碳材料	水溶液还原	二氧化碳回收	中国科学院长春应用化学研究所	500000
US20120004098A1	Pt	活性炭	浸渍法	催化	萨凡纳河核能解决方案有限责任公司	340000
CN108067632A	后Pt系元素	氧化铝新材料	浸渍法	催化	中国科学院大连化学物理研究所	340000