基于余热回收的燃气热泵性能及控制系统

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1776

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 4182-4192.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1776

基于余热回收的燃气热泵性能及控制系统

吕杰¹(), 黄冲¹, 冯自平¹^,²(), 胡亚飞¹^,³, 宋文吉¹

^1.中国科学院广州能源研究所，中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室，广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室，广东广州 510640
^2.中科广能能源研究院（重庆）有限公司，重庆 401331
^3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-09-22 修回日期:2022-12-13 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-09-19
通讯作者: 冯自平
作者简介:吕杰（1984—），女，博士，副研究员，研究方向为储能系统控制及热泵控制。E-mail：lvjie@ms.giec.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0112500)

Performance and control system of gas engine heat pump based on waste heat recovery

LYU Jie¹(), HUANG Chong¹, FENG Ziping¹^,²(), HU Yafei¹^,³, SONG Wenji¹

^1.Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, Guangzhou, China
^2.ZKG Energy (Chongqing) Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Chongqing 401331, China
^3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-09-22 Revised:2022-12-13 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-09-19
Contact: FENG Ziping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

燃气热泵（gas engine-driven heat pump，GHP）具有环境适应性强、能效高、耗电量少等优点，能够解决一次能源利用率低、资源浪费和环境污染等问题。当前研究重点是通过模拟和实验方法开展燃气热泵的运行特性研究，而忽略了控制系统。控制系统是燃气热泵的重要组成部分，对于保障机组高效、稳定运行至关重要。本文提出一种嵌入式控制系统，监控GHP冷热水机组（gas engine driven heat pump cold-hot water equipment，GHPW）。详细阐述了多输入输出控制模块、发动机控制模块、蒸发温度控制模块、人机交互模块等燃气热泵核心控制模块的设计原则和方法。通过实验验证了GHPW的运行性能，实验结果表明，控制系统能够准确、稳定地控制机组，实现快速制冷/制热。通过主控制器对发动机转速和蒸发温度的双闭环控制，实现对系统出水温度的稳定性和准确性控制。当环境温度较低时，由于回收发动机余热，GHPW系统的制热能力优于EHP（电热泵）系统。随着环境温度从-20℃上升到7℃，实验系统的制热量从52.94kW逐渐上升到105.87kW，系统一次能源利用率（primary energy ratio，PER）从0.819上升到1.489。发动机余热回收显著提高了系统制热能力和PER。

关键词: 燃气热泵, 制热性能, 余热回收, 控制系统

Abstract:

Gas engine-driven heat pump (GHP) has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, high efficiency and low electricity consumption. It can solve the problems of low primary energy utilization, waste of resources and environmental pollution. Current research focuses on the operational characteristics of GHP systems, while neglecting design of the control system. A control system is very important to ensure efficient and stable operation of GHP systems. In this study, an embedded control system was proposed to monitor gas engine driven heat pump cold-hot water equipment (GHPW). The design principles and methods of the core control modules were described in detail. The operational performance of experimental system was tested by experiments. Experimental results indicated that the control system could monitor the experimental system accurately and stably, and rapid cooling/heating and precise temperature control could be realized. Through double closed-loop control of the main controller on engine speed and evaporator superheat, the stability and accuracy of the outlet water temperature could be achieved. When the ambient temperature was low, heating capacity of GHP systems was better than that of EHP systems due to recovery of engine waste heat. As the ambient temperature rises from -20℃ to 7℃, heating capacity of the experimental system gradually improved from 52.94kW to 105.87kW, and primary energy ratio (PER) of the system steadily increased from 0.819 to 1.489. The recovery of engine waste heat improved heating capacity and PER of the experimental system.

Key words: gas engine-driven heat pump, heating performance, waste heat recovery, control system

中图分类号:

TE09

吕杰, 黄冲, 冯自平, 胡亚飞, 宋文吉. 基于余热回收的燃气热泵性能及控制系统[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4182-4192.

LYU Jie, HUANG Chong, FENG Ziping, HU Yafei, SONG Wenji. Performance and control system of gas engine heat pump based on waste heat recovery[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4182-4192.

图/表 18

图1 燃气热泵冷热水机组实验系统结构示意图

表1 燃气热泵冷热水机组实验系统的主要技术参数

项目	数值
热泵制冷量/kW	71
热泵制热量/kW	85
制冷剂	R410A
发动机转速范围/r·min^-1	800~2400
发动机与压缩机传动比	2.19
压缩机排量/mL	86+86
电功率/kW	1.88

图2 燃气热泵冷热水机组主控制系统结构图

图3 燃气热泵冷热水机组主控制器电路板实物图

图4 温度输入信号扩展电路

图5 开关输入信号处理电路

图6 压力输入信号调理电路

图7 继电器输出信号扩展电路

图8 发动机控制结构示意图

图9 外机控制器与发动机ECU通信控制软件流程

图10 电子膨胀阀开度控制流程图

图11 人机交互控制结构图

图12 数据收发流程图

图13 实际出水温度与发动机转速变化规律

图14 发动机实际转速随目标转速变化情况

图15 不同环境温度下实验系统PER对比

图16 不同环境温度下实验系统制热量和回收热量对比

表2 燃气热泵实验系统电功率计算表

主要用电部件	额定功率/W	数量	功率/W
风机	550	3	1650
水泵	260	1	260
电加热器	80,30,180,220	5	510
主电路板	75	1	75

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基于余热回收的燃气热泵性能及控制系统

Performance and control system of gas engine heat pump based on waste heat recovery

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