聚合物包覆膜在金属分离回收中的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0152

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚合物包覆膜是在支撑液膜的基础上发展来的一种新型液膜，主要由载体、基体聚合物和增塑剂组成。聚合物包覆膜由于具有选择性高、使用寿命长、稳定性高、设计灵活和成本较低等诸多优点，在金属分离回收领域逐渐引起极大关注。本文综述了聚合物包覆膜的组成和制备方法以及近年来国内外利用不同类型的载体、增塑剂和基体聚合物制备的聚合物包覆膜在金属分离回收中的研究进展，探讨了聚合物包覆膜内载体迁移和固定点跳跃的两种传输机理，阐述了聚合物包覆膜的分离强化方法，详细介绍了聚合物包覆膜耦合电渗析强化金属离子分离过程的主要优势。最后，总结了聚合物包覆膜在金属分离回收领域的未来发展亟需解决的问题，主要包括高性能、低成本载体的研发、膜微观结构与分离机理的深入探索以及如何推进聚合物包覆膜-电渗析技术的广泛应用等，对加快聚合物包覆膜的产业化进程具有指导意义。

关键词: 膜, 金属, 回收, 选择性, 基体聚合物, 载体

Abstract:

Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) are new type of liquid membranes developed on the basis of supported liquid membranes, which are mainly composed of carrier, base polymer and plasticizer. Due to the advantages of high selectivity, long service life, high stability, flexible design and low cost, PIMs have gradually attracted great attention in the field of metal separation and recovery. In this paper, the composition and preparation methods of PIMs and the research progress of PIMs made of different types of carriers, base polymers and plasticizers in metal separation and recovery in recent years were reviewed, the two transport mechanisms of carrier diffusion and fixed-site jumping in PIMs were discussed, the separation reinforcement methods of PIMs were elaborated, and the main advantages of PIMs coupled with electrodialysis to enhance metal ion separation process were introduced in detail. Finally, several critical issues in the future development of PIMs for metal separation and recovery were summarized, mainly including the research and development of high-performance and low-cost carriers, the deep exploration of membrane microstructure and separation mechanism, and the promotion of the wide application of polymer inclusion membrane-electrodialysis technology, which had guiding significance for accelerating the industrialization process of PIMs.

Key words: membrane, metal, recovery, selectivity, base polymer, carrier

中图分类号:

TQ028

王报英, 王皝莹, 闫军营, 汪耀明, 徐铜文. 聚合物包覆膜在金属分离回收中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 3990-4004.

WANG Baoying, WANG Huangying, YAN Junying, WANG Yaoming, XU Tongwen. Research progress of polymer inclusion membrane in metal separation and recovery[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 3990-4004.

图/表 13

参考文献 75

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载体类型	载体	聚合物	增塑剂	目标金属离子	参考文献
碱性载体	TIOA	PVC	—	Cd(Ⅱ)	[23]
	TOA	PVC	POE	U(Ⅵ)	[24]
	Aliquat 336	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[25]
	Aliquat 336	CTA	BEHS	Ag(Ⅱ)	[26]
	Aliquat 336	CTA	TBP	Co(Ⅱ)	[27]
酸性和螯合性载体	D2EHPA	CTA	—	Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)	[28]
	Cyanex 272	PVC	2-NPOE	Co(Ⅱ)	[29]
	M5640	PVC	2-NPOE	Cu(Ⅱ)	[30]
	LIX84I	PVC	2-NPOE	Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和Mg(Ⅱ)	[31]
	D2EHPA	PVC	DAO	Zn(Ⅱ)	[32]
中性和溶剂化载体	Cyphos IL 101	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[25]
	Cyphos IL 104	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	Au(Ⅲ)	[33]
	TOPO+TTA	CTA	—	Li(Ⅰ)	[34]
	Cyphos IL 101	CTA	2-NPOE	Zn(Ⅱ)	[35]
	Cyphos IL 101	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	V(Ⅴ)	[36]
	Cyphos IL 101	PVC	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[25]
大环和大分子载体	杯[4]芳烃	CTA	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[37]
	间苯二酚型杯[4]芳烃	CTA	2-NPOE	Zn(Ⅱ)	[38]
	杯[4]-二-2,3-萘-冠-6	CTA	2-NPOE	Cs(Ⅰ)	[39]
	1-烷基-2-甲基咪唑	CTA	2-NPPE	Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)	[40]
	烷基咪唑	CTA	2-NPPE	Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)	[41]

载体类型	载体	聚合物	增塑剂	目标金属离子	参考文献
碱性载体	TIOA	PVC	—	Cd(Ⅱ)	[23]
	TOA	PVC	POE	U(Ⅵ)	[24]
	Aliquat 336	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[25]
	Aliquat 336	CTA	BEHS	Ag(Ⅱ)	[26]
	Aliquat 336	CTA	TBP	Co(Ⅱ)	[27]
酸性和螯合性载体	D2EHPA	CTA	—	Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)	[28]
	Cyanex 272	PVC	2-NPOE	Co(Ⅱ)	[29]
	M5640	PVC	2-NPOE	Cu(Ⅱ)	[30]
	LIX84I	PVC	2-NPOE	Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和Mg(Ⅱ)	[31]
	D2EHPA	PVC	DAO	Zn(Ⅱ)	[32]
中性和溶剂化载体	Cyphos IL 101	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[25]
	Cyphos IL 104	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	Au(Ⅲ)	[33]
	TOPO+TTA	CTA	—	Li(Ⅰ)	[34]
	Cyphos IL 101	CTA	2-NPOE	Zn(Ⅱ)	[35]
	Cyphos IL 101	PVDF-HFP	2-NPOE	V(Ⅴ)	[36]
	Cyphos IL 101	PVC	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[25]
大环和大分子载体	杯[4]芳烃	CTA	2-NPOE	Cr(Ⅵ)	[37]
	间苯二酚型杯[4]芳烃	CTA	2-NPOE	Zn(Ⅱ)	[38]
	杯[4]-二-2,3-萘-冠-6	CTA	2-NPOE	Cs(Ⅰ)	[39]
	1-烷基-2-甲基咪唑	CTA	2-NPPE	Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)	[40]
	烷基咪唑	CTA	2-NPPE	Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)	[41]

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