含油污泥多相复合调质降黏破乳分离过程

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0469

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含油污泥普遍存在于石油开采、加工及使用等过程中，因其高黏度、复杂稳定乳化特性导致处理难度大，处理效率低。针对传统工艺分离效率低的问题，本文基于工程应用的目标，提出油泥多相复合调质降黏破乳分离工艺，对油泥进行资源化分离。首先，对含油污泥进行了不同的降黏处理，分别通过添加正庚烷和水多相复合调质的方法，可以调控体系乳化状态，溶解重质组分，破坏其空间结构，有效降低含油污泥表观黏度。在此基础上，将调质降黏与破乳相耦合对含油污泥进行资源化回收处理，分别探究了调质过程和破乳过程对处理效果的影响。结果表明，加入水辅助调质降黏，可有效分散含油污泥团聚体，促进重油溶解与传质，正庚烷通过稀释降低油组分黏度，并从固体表面溶解剥离。通过对油泥乳化态的调控，协同使用高效破乳剂可实现油、水、固的高效分离。当溶剂用量130%，水用量30%时，体系为油包水状态，添加400mg/kg油包水型破乳剂TJU-3处理后，重油回收率可达92.86%，油相清洁。本研究可以为含油污泥大规模资源化回收处理提供参考。

关键词: 含油污泥, 多相复合, 降黏, 破乳, 资源化

Abstract:

Oily sludge widely exists in the petroleum exploration, petrochemical processing and application. Because of its high viscosity, complex and stable emulsification characteristics, the treatment of oily sludge is fairly difficult with low treatment efficiency. Aiming at the problem of low separation efficiency of traditional process, this study put forward the resourceful treatment of oily sludge through multiphase compound conditioning and demulsification separation process, based on the engineering application. Firstly, the different viscosity reduction methods of oily sludge was studied. It was found that the viscosity of oily sludge could be effectively reduced by multiphase composite method, owning to the control of the emulsification state, the dissolution of the heavy components and the destruction of its spatial structure. On this basis, the resourceful treatment of oily sludge was carried out by the combination of multiphase compound conditioning and demulsification, and the influence of conditioning and demulsification process on the treatment effect was studied respectively. The results showed that the addition of water could assist the conditioning process to reduce the viscosity effectively, help disperse oily sludge aggregates and promote the dissolution and mass transfer of heavy oil. The oil was dissolved and liberated from the solid surface by the solvent. Through the control of the emulsification state and the use of high-efficiency demulsifier, the efficient separation of oil, water and solid could be realized. When the solvent dosage was 130% and the water dosage was 30%, the system was in water-in-oil state. After adding 400mg/kg water-in-oil demulsifier TJU-3, the heavy oil recovery could reach to 92.9%, and the oil phase was clean. This study could provide reference for the large-scale resource recovery and treatment of oily sludge.

Key words: oily sludge, multiphase composite, viscosity reduction, demulsification, resourceful treatment

中图分类号:

TE992

杨娟娟, 何林, 贺常晴, 李鑫钢, 隋红. 含油污泥多相复合调质降黏破乳分离过程[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 614-623.

YANG Juanjuan, HE Lin, HE Changqing, LI Xingang, SUI Hong. Treatment of oily sludge through multiphase compound conditioning and demulsification separation process[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 614-623.

图/表 15

表1 实际含油污泥样品三相组成及油相四组分

油泥种类	三相组成/%			干基含油率/%	油相四组分/%
油泥种类	含油率	含固率	含水率	干基含油率/%	饱和分	芳香分	胶质	沥青质
水洗粗油泥	35.71	13.39	50.90	72.73	30.42	27.59	30.00	11.99
落地油泥	14.74	57.98	27.28	20.57	47.4	28.37	18.77	5.46

图1 两种含油污泥样品表观图像及矿物颗粒的粒径分布

图2 含油污泥多相复合调质降黏破乳工艺流程

图3 加热前后的含油污泥状态

图4 水洗粗油泥调质降黏后体系混合状态

图5 落地油泥调质降黏后体系混合状态

图6 水添加量对含油污泥表观黏度的影响

图7 不同水添加量对含油污泥微观形态的改变，固定正庚烷添加量为100%

图8 正庚烷添加量对含油污泥表观黏度的影响

图9 不同正庚烷添加量对含油污泥体系状态的改变，固定水添加质量分数为80%

图10 多相复合调质过程正庚烷添加量和水添加量对处理结果的影响

图11 破乳过程破乳剂添加量对处理结果的影响

图12 不同破乳剂添加情况对处理结果的影响

表2 含油污泥一级和二级处理后三相产物品质

项目	一级处理结果	二级处理结果	一级水相回用的二级结果
残渣含油率/%	11.62	5.19	4.27
油相含固率/%	0.23	无明显固体	无明显固体
油相含水率/%	0.026	0.024	0.018

图13 多相复合调质降黏破乳工艺过程机理

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