以城市废弃污泥为种泥启动厌氧氨氧化工艺的可行性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0742

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厌氧氨氧化工艺（Anammox）因其优异的脱氮性能和无须外加有机碳源的优点得到快速发展，但厌氧氨氧化污泥的大量缺乏导致该工艺难以快速启动，限制了其实际应用。尽管采用含有厌氧氨氧化菌（AAOB）的Anammox污泥作为接种物可以加快启动过程，但在实际污水处理中接种价格昂贵的Anammox污泥是不切实际的。因此，本文探究了以城市废弃污泥为种泥启动Anammox的可行性，并通过逐步调节运行参数对Anammox性能进行优化。结果表明，经过好氧+厌氧、好氧控温和厌氧控温3个阶段共59天即可成功启动Anammox工艺，第33天即表现出较强的Anammox脱氮性能。搅拌反应10h为Anammox能承受的最短时间，总氮去除负荷最高可达到0.555kg/(m³·d)。反应器运行稳定后，微生物的种类和多样性逐渐下降，但脱氮功能菌群丰度整体呈显著上升的趋势，Candidatus_Kuenenia、Denitratisoma、Arenimonas和Truepera的相对丰度分别从启动前的0.8%、0.9%、3.2%和4.0%提高到20.4%、15.2%、10.1%和8.9%。以城市废弃污泥为种泥可以解决Anammox种泥来源少的问题，同时为污水处理过程产生的剩余污泥提供了一种出路。

关键词: 厌氧氨氧化, 城市废弃污泥, 快速启动, 生物反应器, 废水

Abstract:

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process has been rapidly developed due to its excellent nitrogen removal performance and low consumption, but the lack of sufficient Anammox sludge limits the practical application. Although adopting Anammox sludge containing anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) as seed sludge can shorten the start-up period, it is impractical since the Anammox sludge is expensive. Therefore, in this study, the feasibility of starting Anammox process by adopting municipal waste sludge as seed sludge was explored, and the performance was optimized by adjusting the operational parameters. The results showed that the Anammox could be successfully started-up after 59d's operation in three phases (aerobic+anaerobic, aerobic with temperature control and anaerobic with temperature control), and the Anammox showed strong nitrogen removal on the 33rd day. The stirring period of 10h was the shortest that the Anammox could endure, and the maximum total nitrogen removal rates could reach 0.555kg/(m³·d). After the reactor ran stably, the microbial diversity decreased, while the nitrogen removal related bacteria was significantly enriched, with the relative abundances of Candidatus_Kuenenia, Denitratisoma, Arenimonas, and Truepera increased from 0.8%, 0.9%, 3.2%, and 4.0% to 20.4%, 15.2%, 10.1%, and 8.9%, respectively. Adopting municipal waste sludge as the seed sludge for Anammox could solve the difficult start-up problem of Anammox, as well as provide a new way for treating excess sludge.

Key words: Anammox, municipal waste sludge, rapid start-up, bioreactors, waste water

中图分类号:

X703

张涵, 张肖静, 马冰冰, 佴灿, 刘烁烁, 马永鹏, 宋亚丽. 以城市废弃污泥为种泥启动厌氧氨氧化工艺的可行性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 1080-1088.

ZHANG Han, ZHANG Xiaojing, MA Bingbing, NAI Can, LIU Shuoshuo, MA Yongpeng, SONG Yali. Feasibility of starting anammox process with municipal waste sludge as seed sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 1080-1088.

图/表 8

参考文献 31

1	GHIMIRE Umesh, SARPONG Gideon, GUDE Veera Gnaneswar. Transitioning wastewater treatment plants toward circular economy and energy sustainability[J]. ACS Omega, 2021, 6(18): 11794-11803.
2	LI Bolin, WANG Yue, LI Jiangtao, et al. The symbiosis of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and heterotrophic denitrification bacteria in a size-fractioned single-stage partial nitrification/anammox reactor[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 151: 107353.
3	JUNG J Y, KANG S H, CHUNG Y C, et al. Factors affecting the activity of anammox bacteria during start up in the continuous culture reactor[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2007, 55(1/2): 459-468.
4	IBRAHIM Mumtazah, YUSOF Norjan, MOHD YUSOFF Mohd Zulkhairi, et al. Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process: A review[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016, 57(30): 13958-13978.
5	STROUS M, KUENEN J G, JETTEN M S. Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65(7): 3248-3250.
6	赵志瑞, 侯彦林. 半短程亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化联合脱氮工艺微生物特征研究进展[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(7): 2834-2842.
	ZHAO Zhirui, HOU Yanlin. Research progress in microbiological characteristics in combined N₂ removal process by partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(7): 2834-2842.
7	LACKNER Susanne, GILBERT Eva M, VLAEMINCK Siegfried E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences—An application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55: 292-303.
8	CAO Yeshi, VAN LOOSDRECHT Mark C M, DAIGGER Glen T. Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox in municipal wastewater treatment: Status, bottlenecks, and further studies[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017, 101(4): 1365-1383.
9	张海芹, 王翻翻, 李月寒, 等. 不同接种污泥ABR厌氧氨氧化的启动特征[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(6): 2216-2221.
	ZHANG Haiqin, WANG Fanfan, LI Yuehan, et al. Start-up performance of ANAMMOX enrichment with different inoculated sludge in anaerobic baffled reactor[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(6): 2216-2221.
10	吕玮, 张立秋, 黄奕亮, 等. 常温低基质下两种厌氧氨氧化反应器启动特性比较[J]. 中国给水排水, 2019, 35(3): 31-37.
	Wei LYU, ZHANG Liqiu, HUANG Yiliang, et al. Comparison of start-up characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation between ASBR and biofilter at room temperature and low substrate concentration[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2019, 35(3): 31-37.
11	张肖静, 张涵, 周月, 等. 亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动及微生物种群演替规律研究[J]. 轻工学报, 2019, 34(6): 56-63.
	ZHANG Xiaojing, ZHANG Han, ZHOU Yue, et al. Start-up and microbial community shift of partial nitrification-anammox process[J]. Journal of Light Industry, 2019, 34(6): 56-63.
12	谢青松. 厌氧氨氧化生物滤池启动及影响因素试验研究[D]. 长春: 吉林建筑大学, 2021.
	XIE Qingsong. Experimental study on start up and influencing factors of anammox biofilter[D]. Changchun: Jilin Jianzhu University, 2021.
13	CHI Yongzhi, ZHANG Yu, YANG Min, et al. Start up of anammox process with activated sludge treating high ammonium industrial wastewaters as a favorable seeding sludge source[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2018, 127: 17-25.
14	樊沈毅, 程子波, 肖付耀, 等. 接种湿地底泥的Anammox反应器启动特性[J]. 环境工程学报, 2021, 15(11): 3718-3728.
	FAN Shenyi, CHENG Zibo, XIAO Fuyao, et al. Start up characteristics of Anammox reactor inoculated with wetland sediment[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2021, 15(11): 3718-3728.
15	WANG Qintong, WANG Yulan, LIN Jinbiao, et al. Selection of seeding strategy for fast start-up of Anammox process with low concentration of Anammox sludge inoculum[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 268: 638-647.
16	王晓曈, 杨宏, 苏杨, 等. 生物滤池快速启动ANAMMOX运行策略及菌群特征[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(7): 3345-3355.
	WANG Xiaotong, YANG Hong, SU Yang, et al. Fast start-up ANAMMOX operation strategy and flora characteristics of a biofilter[J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(7): 3345-3355.
17	MA Yongpeng, WEI Denghui, ZHANG Xiaojing, et al. An innovative strategy for inducing Anammox from partial nitrification process in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 379: 120809.
18	WEI Denghui, ZHANG Xiaojing, CHEN Zhao, et al. Comparison of three anaerobic digestion reactors for low-carbon wastewater treatment[J]. Water Environment Research, 2022, 94(4): e10702.
19	ZHANG Xiaojing, ZHOU Yue, ZHANG Nan, et al. Effect of CuO nanoparticles on ammonia removal and EPS secretion of CANON sludge in the presence of nitrite suppression[J]. Environmental Technology, 2018, 39(19): 2551-2558.
20	HE Shilong, CHEN Yi, QIN Meng, et al. Effects of temperature on anammox performance and community structure[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 260: 186-195.
21	WANG Qilin, DUAN Haoran, WEI Wei, et al. Achieving stable mainstream nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway by sludge treatment using free ammonia[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(17): 9800-9807.
22	FERNÁNDEZ I, DOSTA J, FAJARDO C, et al. Short- and long-term effects of ammonium and nitrite on the Anammox process[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2012, 95(S1): S170-S174.
23	MIAO Lei, YANG Gangqing, TAO Tao, et al. Recent advances in nitrogen removal from landfill leachate using biological treatments—A review[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 235: 178-185.
24	WANG Guopeng, ZHANG Dong, XU You, et al. Comparing two start up strategies and the effect of temperature fluctuations on the performance of mainstream anammox reactors[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 209: 632-639.
25	LASPIDOU Chrysi S, RITTMANN Bruce E. A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, and active and inert biomass[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(11): 2711-2720.
26	J-H TAY, LIU Q-S, LIU Y. The role of cellular polysaccharides in the formation and stability of aerobic granules[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2001, 33(3): 222-226.
27	李冬, 刘名扬, 张杰, 等. 厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的长期保藏及快速活性恢复[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(6): 2957-2965.
	LI Dong, LIU Mingyang, ZHANG Jie, et al. Long-term storage and rapid activity recovery of ANAMMOX granular sludge[J]. Environmental Science, 2021, 42(6): 2957-2965.
28	严子春, 唐瑞祥, 吴大冰. 有机物对厌氧氨氧化生物膜反应器脱氮效能及微生物群落的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2021, 41(4): 1303-1308.
	YAN Zichun, TANG Ruixiang, WU Dabing. Effect of organic matter on nitrogen removal efficiency and microbial community of an anammox biofilm reactor[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2021, 41(4): 1303-1308.
29	李南锟, 杜帅, 刘莉, 等. 葡萄糖对硫自养反硝化性能及微生物群落的影响[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2019, 42(12): 8-13.
	LI Nankun, DU Shuai, LIU Li, et al. Effects of glucose on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community in sulfur autotrophic denitrification system[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 42(12): 8-13.
30	NGUYEN Hien Thi Thu, LE Vang Quy, HANSEN Aviaja Anna, et al. High diversity and abundance of putative polyphosphate-accumulating Tetrasphaera-related bacteria in activated sludge systems[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2011, 76(2): 256-267.
31	曾勇, 周俊, 闫志英, 等. 废水同步脱硫脱氮关键工艺参数及微生物群落结构的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(1): 173-182.
	ZENG Yong, ZHOU Jun, YAN Zhiying, et al. The key process parameters and microbial community in the wastewater treatment by simultaneous desulfurization coupled denitrification[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018, 38(1): 173-182.

运行阶段	运行时间/d	进水氨氮/mg·L^-1	进水亚氮/mg·L^-1	碱度/mg·L^-1	曝气量/L·min^-1	T/℃	实验运行
P1	1～59	200	0/250/200	1600/1200	0～0.15	15.9～31.6	好氧28h→好氧24h+厌氧20h→ 好氧42h（控温）→ 厌氧42～68h（控温）
P2	60～93	200	200/230	1200	0	21.1～25.8	厌氧42h
P3	94～121	200	230	1200	0	24.2～26.2	厌氧40h→36h→ 30h→24h
P4	122～146	200	230/250	1200	0	24.9～27.9	厌氧18h→16h→14h
P5	147～155	200	250	1200	0	25.0～26.9	厌氧12h
P6	156～170	200	250	1200	0	24.0～26.9	厌氧12h+厌氧9h
P7	171～192	200	250	1200	0	24.1～27.3	厌氧10h+厌氧10h
P8	193～230	200	250	1200	0	19.4～25.7	厌氧8h+厌氧8h→厌氧10h

运行阶段	运行时间/d	进水氨氮/mg·L^-1	进水亚氮/mg·L^-1	碱度/mg·L^-1	曝气量/L·min^-1	T/℃	实验运行
P1	1～59	200	0/250/200	1600/1200	0～0.15	15.9～31.6	好氧28h→好氧24h+厌氧20h→ 好氧42h（控温）→ 厌氧42～68h（控温）
P2	60～93	200	200/230	1200	0	21.1～25.8	厌氧42h
P3	94～121	200	230	1200	0	24.2～26.2	厌氧40h→36h→ 30h→24h
P4	122～146	200	230/250	1200	0	24.9～27.9	厌氧18h→16h→14h
P5	147～155	200	250	1200	0	25.0～26.9	厌氧12h
P6	156～170	200	250	1200	0	24.0～26.9	厌氧12h+厌氧9h
P7	171～192	200	250	1200	0	24.1～27.3	厌氧10h+厌氧10h
P8	193～230	200	250	1200	0	19.4～25.7	厌氧8h+厌氧8h→厌氧10h

运行阶段	多样性指数					属的相对丰度
运行阶段	ACE	Chao	Shannon	Simpson	Coverage	Candidatus_Kuenenia	Denitratisoma	Arenimonas	Truepera
P0	1165.7	1154.5	4.9	0.025	0.997	0.80%	0.90%	3.20%	4.00%
P1	1196.3	1184.1	4.6	0.035	0.997	2.20%	4.00%	4.40%	7.10%
P2	1154.6	1138.5	4.5	0.035	0.997	9.50%	7.00%	6.10%	7.90%
P3	961.2	969.6	4.5	0.031	0.996	3.90%	9.80%	7.30%	8.30%
P4	937.6	920.4	4.2	0.046	0.996	11.30%	12.80%	7.90%	8.10%
P5	937.9	925.1	4.4	0.039	0.997	3.40%	14.40%	6.80%	7.60%
P6	930.8	929.3	4.1	0.050	0.996	8.00%	16.80%	6.80%	8.90%
P7	926.8	954.1	3.9	0.062	0.997	14.60%	15.80%	9.40%	8.10%
P8	857.0	845.3	3.7	0.081	0.996	20.40%	15.20%	10.10%	8.90%

运行阶段	多样性指数					属的相对丰度
运行阶段	ACE	Chao	Shannon	Simpson	Coverage	Candidatus_Kuenenia	Denitratisoma	Arenimonas	Truepera
P0	1165.7	1154.5	4.9	0.025	0.997	0.80%	0.90%	3.20%	4.00%
P1	1196.3	1184.1	4.6	0.035	0.997	2.20%	4.00%	4.40%	7.10%
P2	1154.6	1138.5	4.5	0.035	0.997	9.50%	7.00%	6.10%	7.90%
P3	961.2	969.6	4.5	0.031	0.996	3.90%	9.80%	7.30%	8.30%
P4	937.6	920.4	4.2	0.046	0.996	11.30%	12.80%	7.90%	8.10%
P5	937.9	925.1	4.4	0.039	0.997	3.40%	14.40%	6.80%	7.60%
P6	930.8	929.3	4.1	0.050	0.996	8.00%	16.80%	6.80%	8.90%
P7	926.8	954.1	3.9	0.062	0.997	14.60%	15.80%	9.40%	8.10%
P8	857.0	845.3	3.7	0.081	0.996	20.40%	15.20%	10.10%	8.90%

[1]	许春树, 姚庆达, 梁永贤, 周华龙. 共价有机框架材料功能化策略及其对Hg(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 461-478.
[2]	赵景超, 谭明. 表面活性剂对电渗析减量化工业含盐废水的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 529-535.
[3]	王晨, 白浩良, 康雪. 大功率UV-LED散热与纳米TiO₂光催化酸性红26耦合系统性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4905-4916.
[4]	王琦, 寇丽红, 王冠宇, 王吉坤, 刘敏, 李兰廷, 王昊. 焦化废水生物出水中可溶解性有机物的分子识别[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4984-4993.
[5]	史天茜, 石永辉, 武新颖, 张益豪, 秦哲, 赵春霞, 路达. Fe²⁺对厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器运行性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 5003-5010.
[6]	郑梦启, 王成业, 汪炎, 王伟, 袁守军, 胡真虎, 何春华, 王杰, 梅红. 菌藻共生技术在工业废水零排放中的应用与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4424-4431.
[7]	陈娜, 张肖静, 张楠, 马冰冰, 张涵, 杨浩洁, 张宏忠. 淬灭酶对亚硝化-混合自养脱氮系统的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3816-3823.
[8]	鲁少杰, 刘佳, 冀芊竹, 李萍, 韩月阳, 陶敏, 梁文俊. 硅藻土基复合填料制备及滴滤塔去除二甲苯的性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3884-3892.
[9]	陈香李, 李倩倩, 张甜, 李彪, 李康康. 自愈合油水分离膜的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3600-3610.
[10]	李白雪, 信欣, 朱羽蒙, 刘琴, 刘鑫. SASD-A体系构建及进水不同S/N对脱氮工艺的影响机制[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3261-3271.
[11]	杨红梅, 高涛, 鱼涛, 屈撑囤, 高家朋. 高铁酸盐处理难降解有机物磺化酚醛树脂[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3302-3308.
[12]	李华华, 李逸航, 金北辰, 李隆昕, 成少安. 厌氧氨氧化-生物电化学耦合废水处理系统的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2678-2690.
[13]	朱昊, 刘汉飞, 高源, 白蓉蓉, 倪嵩波, 黄益平, 李庆同, 李小东, 韩卫清. 催化臭氧化体系射流曝气系统参数优化及苯酚阶段氧化分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2717-2723.
[14]	朱紫旋, 陈俊江, 张星星, 李祥, 刘文如, 吴鹏. 基于短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化新型污水生物脱氮工艺的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 2091-2100.
[15]	赵星程, 贾方旭, 蒋伟彧, 陈佳熠, 刘晨雨, 姚宏. 氧化还原介体介导厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1606-1617.