聚乙烯醇纤维成纤前后改性方法的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1462

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚乙烯醇纤维具有耐酸碱、耐磨、可降解、水溶、耐腐耐候和防霉防虫等突出的优点，但存在应用范围较窄的问题。近三十年来，聚乙烯醇纤维的发展经历了服用纤维到产业用纤维的深刻转变，对聚乙烯醇纤维进行功能化改性，是提高其性能并拓宽其应用领域的有效方法。本文以聚乙烯醇纺丝成纤前后两个阶段为重点，系统介绍了纺丝液共混改性和纤维表面修饰两种典型方法。其中，共混改性分为高分子和小分子共混改性，而表面修饰按照其不同的机理则分为表面化学反应改性、表面接枝改性、物理改性等。此外，文中通过对各种改性方法优缺点的分析，阐述了共混改性和表面修饰与性能之间的关系，为选择合适的方法制备特定功能的聚乙烯醇纤维提供一定的借鉴和参考。基于现有聚乙烯醇纤维的改性方法及应用范围，提出了在深度和广度两个层次上不断加强聚乙烯醇纤维的改性研究，赋予其新的性能或满足更高要求的发展趋势。

关键词: 聚乙烯醇纤维, 混合, 聚合物, 表面, 化学反应, 物理改性

Abstract:

The application field of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF) is limited although it has many advantages such as acid and alkali resistance, wear resistance, degradability, water solubility, corrosion resistance, weather resistance, mildew and insect resistance etc. In recent 30 years, the development of PVAF has experienced a profound change from clothing fiber to industrial fiber. Functional modification of PVAF is an effective method to improve its performance and broaden its applications. Focusing on the two stages of polyvinyl alcohol spinning before and after spinning, two typical methods of blending modification and fiber surface modification are reviewed. Among them, blending modification is divided into polymer and small molecule blending. According to its different mechanism, surface modification is divided into surface chemical reaction, surface grafting and surface physical modification. Furthermore, according to the advantages and disadvantages of various modification methods, the relationship between blending modification and surface modification with the corresponding functionality is compared, which will be benefit for the researchers in this field. Based on the present modification method and application of PVAF, the trend is also proposed in depth and breadth to obtain new properties and meet higher requirements in future.

Key words: polyvinyl alcohol fiber, blend, polymers, surface, chemical reaction, physical modification

中图分类号:

O636.1⁺2

马宏鹏, 张鑫, 秦文博, 郭斌, 李盘欣. 聚乙烯醇纤维成纤前后改性方法的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 3063-3076.

MA Hongpeng, ZHANG Xin, QIN Wenbo, GUO Bin, LI Panxin. Research progress of different modification methods of polyvinyl alcohol fiber before and after fiber formation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 3063-3076.

图/表 7

图1 聚乙烯醇纤维成纤前后不同改性方法的示意图

图2 雷马唑黄染料的化学结构

图3 戊二醛（GA）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）的分子间和分子内交联反应

图4 PVAF与四羧基酞菁铁的反应机理

图5 丁醛与聚乙烯醇纤维的反应

图6 六偏磷酸钠改性PVAF和热塑性淀粉的交联机理

表1 聚乙烯醇成纤前后共混和表面改性与性能之间的关系

改性方法	疏水性	亲水性	力学性能	热稳定性	抗菌性	吸附性	乳化分散	界面结合
共混改性
高分子		√	√	√	√
小分子	√	√		√	√	√
表面改性
化学法
酯化	√		√	√
醚化	√			√
磺化		√				√	√
缩醛化	√		√	√
交联	√		√	√				√
接枝			√	√				√
物理法
涂层	√	√	√					√
预辐照	√	√		√		√
等离子体	√	√	√			√

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