焦化废水中氰化物的处理技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2556

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

焦化废水是一种典型的难降解有毒废水，是一种世界公认难处理的工业废水。尤其是焦化废水中的氰化物，具有含量高、毒性大的特点，随意排放会污染水源和农田，造成鱼类的死亡和农作物的减产。因此如何高效价廉地去除焦化废水中的氰化物成为一个值得研究的问题。本文概述了国内外各种去除焦化废水中氰化物的处理方法和应用，主要分为生物法和物理化学法两大类。生物法利用微生物对废水中的污染物进行降解，但是单独使用生物法无法达到排放标准，所以要结合其他方法进行联合处理；简述了碱性氯化法、氰化铁沉淀法、Fenton工艺、活性炭吸附法、臭氧法、离子交换法、二氧化硫与空气法、膜生物反应器（MBR）和膜处理法等物理化学方法各自的优缺点，并提出了今后的发展方向；以期达到高效低耗处理焦化废水中氰化物的目的。

关键词: 焦化废水, 氰化物, 废物处理, 生物过程, 化学过程

Abstract:

Coking wastewater is a kind of typical toxic wastewater which is difficult to be degraded, and it is recognized as a kind of refractory industrial wastewater in the world. In particular, the cyanide in coking wastewater has the characteristics of high content and high toxicity. If discharged randomly, it will pollute the water source and farmland, resulting in the death of fish and the reduction of crop production. Therefore, how to remove cyanide from coking wastewater efficiently and cheaply has become a problem worthy of consideration and research. This paper summarizes various treatment methods of cyanide from coking wastewater and their application, which are mainly divided into two categories: biological methods and physicochemical methods. Biological method is the use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants in wastewater, but the single use of biological method cannot meet the discharge standard, so biological method should be combined with other methods for joint treatment. Physical and chemical methods, such as alkaline chlorination, ferric cyanide precipitation, Fenton process, activated carbon adsorption, ozonation, ion exchange method, sulfur dioxide and air method, MBR and membrane treatment, have their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper briefly introduces and analyzes the principle and application of the current treatment methods, and the development suggestion of joint treatment is put forward. It is hoped that it can be helpful for the treatment of cyanide in coking wastewater.

Key words: coking wastewater, cyanide, waste treatment, bioprocess, chemical processes

中图分类号:

孙培杰, 王林平, 徐乐瑾. 焦化废水中氰化物的处理技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 386-396.

SUN Peijie, WANG Linping, XU Lejin. Advances in the treatment of cyanide in coking wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(S1): 386-396.

图/表 8

参考文献 68

1	伏吉帅, 段东洋, 樊惠玲, 等. 改性二氧化铅电极电氧化降解焦化废水[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2020, 49(5): 881-887.
	FU Jishuai, DUAN Dongyang, FAN Huiling, et al. Electro-oxidative degradation of coking wastewater with ESIXPb-I electrode[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2020, 49(5): 881-887.
2	崔焕滨. 活性炭+活性污泥法深度处理焦化废水研究[J]. 山东水利, 2020(5): 13-14.
	CUI Huanbin. Study on advanced treatment of coking wastewater by activated carbon+activated sludge process[J]. Shandong Water Resources, 2020(5): 13-14.
3	WEI C, WU H P, KONG Q P, et al. Residual chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation in bio-treated coking wastewater integrating solution property characterization[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 246: 324-333.
4	范铃琴, 马欣, 任静, 等. Fenton氧化去除焦化废水纳滤浓水中有机物的研究[J]. 工业用水与废水, 2020, 51(2): 11-16.
	FAN Lingqin, MA Xin, REN Jing, et al. Study on organic matters removal from nanofiltration concentrated coking wastewater by Fenton oxidation[J]. Industrial Water & Wastewater, 2020, 51(2): 11-16.
5	赵桐. 焦化酚氰废水生化处理运行实践[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2020(12): 102-103.
	ZHAO Tong. Operation practice of biochemical treatment of coking phenol-cyanide wastewater[J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2020(12): 102-103.
6	刘鑫, 胡鹏, 杨辉. 设计正交试验考察芬顿工艺对焦化反渗透浓水COD的去除效果[J]. 工艺与设备, 2020, 46(4): 86-87.
	LIU Xin, HU Peng, YANG Hui. Design of orthogonal experiment to investigate the removal effect of COD in Fenton process concentrated RO water[J]. Technology and Equipment, 2020, 46(4): 86-87.
7	LI J F, WU J, SUN H F, et al. Advanced treatment of biologically treated coking wastewater by membrane distillation coupled with pre-coagulation[J]. Desalination, 2016, 380: 43-51.
8	贾玉. 化学沉淀结合Fenton法处理焦化废水中氰化物的研究[J]. 现代工业经济和信息化, 2017, 143(11): 30-32.
	JIA Yu. Treatment of cyanide from coking wastewater by chemical precipitation combined with Fenton process[J]. Modern Industrial Economy and Informationization, 2017, 143(11): 30-32.
9	刘晓红. 氰化物测定标准方法探讨[J]. 黄金, 2019, 40(6): 71-74.
	LIU Xiaohong. Discussion on standard method for determination of cyanide[J]. Gold, 2019, 40(6): 71-74.
10	陈华进, 李方实. 含氰废水处理方法进展[J]. 江苏化工, 2005, 33(1): 39-43.
	CHEN Huajin, LI Fangshi. Progress in treatment methods of cyanide-containing wastewater[J]. Jiangsu Chemical Industry, 2005, 33(1): 39-43.
11	杨成良, 徐博刚. 含氰化物污染土壤成分分析研究[J]. 天津化工, 2019, 33(6): 36-38.
	YANG Chengliang, XU Bogang. Analysis and research on the composition of cyanide contaminated soil[J]. Tianjin Chemical Industry, 2019, 33(6): 36-38.
12	ZHANG Y X, WEI C H, YAN B. Emission characteristics and associated health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds from a typical coking wastewater treatment plant[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 693: 133417.
13	韦朝海, 朱家亮, 吴超飞, 等. 焦化行业废水水质变化影响因素及污染控制[J]. 化工进展, 2011, 30(1): 225-232.
	WEI Chaohai, ZHU Jialiang, WU Chaofei, et al. Influence factors of coking wastewater components and pollution control[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2011, 30(1): 225-232.
14	张永晨. 浅谈焦化废水处理存在的问题及其解决对策[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2019, 37(6): 104-106.
	ZHANG Yongchen. Discussion on the problems existing in coking wastewater treatment and their solutions[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2019, 37(6): 104-106.
15	裴坤, 李书卷, 许征宇. 焦化废水深度处理现状及技术进展[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2020, 38(9): 135-137.
	PEI Kun, LI Shujuan, XU Zhengyu. Research on the status and technical progress of advanced treatment of coking wastewater [J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2020, 38(9): 135-137.
16	刘丽侠, 李兵兵, 王勇, 等. 焦化废水氰化物处理技术[J]. 燃料与化工, 2016, 47(3): 52-55.
	LIU Lixia, LI Bingbing, WANG Yong, et al. Treatment of cyanide containing waste water[J]. Fuel & Chemical Processes, 2016, 47(3): 52-55.
17	KIM Y M, PARK D, LEE D S, et al. Inhibitory effects of toxic compounds on nitrification process for cokes wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 152(3): 915-921.
18	LIU M, PREIS S, KORMEV I, et al. Pulsed corona discharge for improving treatability of coking wastewater[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 64: 306-316.
19	钟惠苗, 许丹丹, 李秋毅, 等. 生活污水处理工艺分析及性能比较[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2020(36): 89-93.
	ZHONG Huimiao, XU Dandan, LI Qiuyi, et al. Domestic sewage treatment process analysis and performance comparison [J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2020(36): 89-93.
20	付禹华, 王兵, 何昌应, 等. 焦化废水处理研究进展[J]. 云南化工, 2016, 43(2): 42-44.
	FU Yuhua, WANG Bing, HE Changying, et al. Research progress of coking wastewater treatment[J]. Yunnan Chemical Technology, 2016, 43(2): 42-44.
21	魏峰, 高明辉. 煤焦油加工废水的深度处理研究[J]. 化工管理, 2017(13): 141
	WEI Feng, GAO Minghui. Research on advanced treatment of wastewater from coal tar processing [J]. Chemical Enterprise Management, 2017(13): 141.
22	张龙, 崔兵. 焦化废水处理技术研究[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2018, 36(9): 52-55.
	ZHANG Long, CUI Bing. Research on coking wastewater treatment technology[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2018, 36(9): 52-55.
23	兰正宏, 刘占宝. 高浓度活性污泥处理焦化废水的实践[J]. 燃料与化工, 2018, 49(2): 49-50.
	LAN Zhenghong, LIU Zhanbao. Coking waste water treatment with high concentration activated sludge[J]. Fuel & Chemical Processes, 2018, 49(2): 49-50.
24	张继进. 焦化废水处理利用技术进展综述[J]. 节能与环保, 2019(7): 28-29.
	ZHANG Jijin. Review of coking wastewater treatment and utilization technology[J]. Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection, 2019(7): 28-29.
25	刘亚丹, A/A/O工艺处理焦化废水的研究[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2016.
	LIU Yadan, Research on coke-plant wastewater by anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2016.
26	于义兵. 生物脱氮技术的发展及应用[J]. 城市建设理论研究, 2014(19): 314-315.
	YU Yibing. Development and application of biological nitrogen removal technology[J]. Urban Construction Theory Research, 2014(19): 314-315.
27	YANG Guoyi, WANG Ting. Engineering application of A/O process in coking wastewater treatment[C]//2011 International Conference on Biomedicine and Engineering, Bali Island, Indonesia, 2011.
28	崔保华, 刘军, 曹祎, 等. 应用A/O法处理焦化酚氰废水[J]. 煤化工, 2001(3): 52-54.
	CUI Baohua, LIU Jun, CAO Wei, et al. Treatment of coking phenol cyanide wastewater by applying A/O process[J]. Coal Chemical Industry, 2001(3): 52-54.
29	欧阳曙光, 邹永红, 王光华, 等. 应用A/A/O工艺改造焦化厂废水处理站[J]. 广州化工, 2012, 40(1): 98-100.
	OUYANG Shuguang, ZOU Yonghong, WANG Guanghua, et al. Reconstructing coking wastewater processing station by A/A/O technique[J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2012, 40(1): 98-100.
30	付玉堂, 宋成太, 刘三军, 等. A/O工艺在利源焦化废水处理中的应用[J]. 河南冶金, 2012, 20(5): 33-35.
	FU Yutang, SONG Chengtai, LIU Sanjun, et al. A/O technology application in coking waste water treatment[J]. Henan Metallurgy, 2012, 20(5): 33-35.
31	LIU S G, WANG Q C, LI X R, et al. Comparison of degradation efficacy and bacterial diversity between the A/O and O₁/A/O₂ processes for coking wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018, 144(6): 04018036.
32	王林平, 蒋晨晨, 孙培杰. 臭氧协同芬顿法处理焦化废水[J]. 当代化工研究, 2020(21): 99-100.
	WANG Linpin, JIANG Chenchen, SUN Peijie. Treatment of coking wastewater by the synergy between ozone and Fenton Processes[J]. Modern Chemical Research, 2020(21): 99-100.
33	蔡国光. 次氯酸钠法深度处理焦化废水[J]. 上海煤气, 2014(2): 8-11.
	CAI Guoguang. Study on the procedure of advanced treatment of effluent with sodium hypochlorite oxidization technology[J]. Shanghai Gas, 2014(2): 8-11.
34	隋文. 浅谈碱式氯化法处理含氰废水[J]. 辽宁化工, 2001, 30(5): 214-215.
	SUI Wen. Treatment of cyanic wastewater with alkaline chlorinating process[J]. Liaoning Chemical Industry, 2001, 30(5): 214-215.
35	陈华进. 硫酸亚铁法处理高浓度含氰废水[J]. 工业水处理, 2009, 29(10): 86-88.
	CHEN Huajin. Treatment of highly concentrated cyanide-containing wastewater by ferrous sulfate method[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2009, 29(10): 86-88.
36	郦刚, 崔兵, 叶剑娜, 等. 硫酸亚铁-次氯酸钠处理高浓度铜氰废水[J]. 能源环境保护, 2013, 27(2): 43-45.
	LI Gang, CUI Bing, YE Jianna, et al. Treatment of high concentrations of copper and cyanide wastewater by ferrous sulfate and sodium hypochlorite[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2013, 27(2): 43-45.
37	金学文, 朱筱滢, 吕树光. 焦化废水除氰工艺的优化研究[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2015, 37(6): 79-82.
	JIN Xuewen, ZHU Xiaoying, Shuguang LYU. Study on optimization of cyanide removal process for coking wastewater[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2015, 37(6): 79-82.
38	曲余玲, 毛艳丽, 王涿. 高级氧化法处理焦化废水的研究进展[C]//第九届中国钢铁年会, 中国北京, 2013.
	QU Yuling, MAO Yanli, WANG Zhuo. Research progress of advanced oxidation processes for treating coking wastewater[C]// The 9th China Steel Conference (CSM Biennial Conference), Beijing, China, 2013.
39	田亚赛, 孙国军, 兴虹. 利用Fenton试剂去除焦化废水中的氰化物[J]. 辽宁科技学院学报, 2010, 12(1): 31-32.
	TIAN Yasai, SUN Guojun, XING Hong. Study on the removal of cyanide in coking wastewater utilizing Fenton reagent[J]. Journal of Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, 2010, 12(1): 31-32.
40	汤敏, 欧阳平. 焦化废水化学处理技术研究进展[J]. 当代化工, 2016, 45(3): 610-613.
	TANG Min, OUYANG Pin. Research progress of the coking wastewater treatment by chemical processes[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2010, 12(1): 31-32.
41	郭可欢, 孙婧越, 刘子璐, 等. 焦化废水常用处理工艺的研究进展[J]. 广州化工, 2019, 47(23): 20-23.
	GUO Kehuan, SUN Jingyue, LIU Zilu, et al. Research progress on common treatment processes for coking wastewater[J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2019, 47(23): 20-23.
42	Verma V, Chaudhari P K. Optimization of multiple parameters for treatment of coking wastewater using Fenton oxidation[J]. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 13(4): 5084-5095.
43	于开宁, 王程, 李艳, 等. 焦化废水深度处理研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2009, 29(9): 11-14.
	YU Kaining, WANG Cheng, LI Yan, et al. Progress in the research on advanced treatment of coking-plant wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2009, 29(9): 11-14.
44	王鹏, 郑德. 焦化废水物化系统不同药剂对出水氰化物的影响[J]. 冶金动力, 2019(11): 80-85.
	WANG Peng, ZHENG De. Effect of different chemicals on effluent cyanides in coking wastewater physicochemical system[J]. Metallurgical Power, 2019(11): 80-85.
45	孙红艳, 刘武镛. 降低焦化废水总氰浓度的方法[J]. 燃料与化工, 2015, 46(3): 55-56.
	SUN Hongyan, LIU Wuyong. Methods of reducing total cyanide concentration in coke plant wastewater[J]. Fuel & Chemical Processes, 2015, 46(3): 55-56.
46	邢林林, 张景志, 姜安平, 等. 焦化废水深度处理技术综述[J]. 工业水处理, 2017, 37(2): 1-6.
	XING Linlin, ZHANG Jingzhi, JIANG Anping, et al. Summary on the advanced treatment technology of coking wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2017, 37(2): 1-6.
47	LIU Y L, CHENG H, HE Y T. Application and mechanism of sludge-based activated carbon for phenol and cyanide removal from bio-treated effluent of coking wastewater[J]. Processes, 2020, 8(1): 82.
48	代莎莎, 刘建广, 宋武昌, 等. 臭氧氧化法在深度处理难降解有机废水中的应用[J]. 水科学与工程技术, 2007(2): 24-26.
	DAI Shasha, LIU Jianguang, SONG Wuchang, et al. Application of advanced treatment for refractory organic wastewater with ozone oxidation method[J]. Water Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2007(2): 24-26.
49	娄民. 对臭氧氧化处理含氰废水影响因素的研究[J]. 江西化工, 2008(1): 54-56.
	LOU Min. Study on the influencing factors of ozone oxidation treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater[J]. Jiangxi Chemical Industry, 2008(1): 54-56.
50	贾振民. 臭氧在焦化酚氰废水处理中的特殊应用[J]. 中国建设信息(水工业市场), 2008(1): 59-62.
	JIA Zhenmin. Special application of ozone in the treatment of coking phenol cyanide wastewater[J]. Information of China Construction (Water-Industry Market), 2008(1): 59-62.
51	WEI C H, ZHANG F Z, HU Y, et al. Ozonation in water treatment: the generation, basic properties of ozone and its practical application[J]. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 2017, 33(1): 49-89.
52	张瑜, 江白茹. 钢铁工业焦化废水治理技术研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2002, 28(7): 5-7.
	ZHANG Yu, JIANG Bairu. Research on the technique of coking wastewater treatment in metallurgical industries[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2002, 28(7): 5-7.
53	赵立臣, 孙燕, 左涛, 等. 臭氧催化氧化法处理焦化废水中氰化物[J]. 再生资源与循环经济, 2015, 8(2): 37-40.
	ZHAO Lichen, SUN Yan, ZUO Tao, et al. Ozone catalytic oxidation treatment of cyanide in the coking waste water[J]. Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy, 2015, 8(2): 37-40.
54	CHANG E E, HSING H J, CHIANG P C, et al. The chemical and biological characteristics of coke-oven wastewater by ozonation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 156(1-3): 560-567.
55	李雪萍, 钟宏, 周立. 含氰废水处理技术研究进展[J]. 化学工业与工程技术, 2012, 33(2): 17-23.
	LI Xuepin, ZHONG Hong, ZHOU Li. Research progress of cyanide-containing wastewater treatment [J]. Energy Chemical Industry, 2012, 33(2): 17-23.
56	GOMES C P, ALMEIDA M F, LOUREIRO J M. Gold recovery with ion exchange used resins[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2001, 24(1): 35-57.
57	姚燕兵. 采用树脂吸附去除焦化废水中总氰的研究[D]. 广州: 华东理工大学, 2014.
	YAO Yanbing. Study on the adsorption removal of the total cyanide from coking wastewater with resin[D].Guangzhou: East China University of Science and Technology, 2014.
58	张艳丽, 李晓玲, 孙再男. MBR工艺在焦化废水处理中的应用[J]. 黑龙江环境通报, 2009, 33(1): 72-74.
	ZHANG Yanli, LI Xiaoling, SUN Zainan. Application of membrane bioreactor in treatment of coke plant wastewater[J]. Heilongjiang Environmental Journal, 2009, 33(1): 72-74.
59	李文祥, 马超谋, 高向东. 双膜法工艺在焦化废水处理中的应用[J]. 燃料与化工, 2017, 48(4): 37-41.
	LI Wenxiang, MA Chaomou, Gao Xiangdong. Application of double membrane method in cokemaking waste water treatment[J]. Fuel & Chemical Processes, 2017, 48(4): 37-41.
60	周莲霞. 膜分离技术在水处理环境工程中的应用研究[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2020, 38(5): 184-186.
	ZHOU Lianxia. Research on application of membrane separation technology in water treatment environmental engineering[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2020, 38(5): 184-186.
61	曲余玲, 毛艳丽, 翟晓东. 焦化废水深度处理技术及工艺现状[J]. 工业水处理, 2015, 35(1): 14-17.
	QU Yuling, MAO Yanli, ZHAI Xiaodong. Advanced treatment technology of coking wastewater and its present status[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2015, 35(1): 14-17.
62	王姣, 于冰, 孙黎明. 基于序批式MBR-RO的焦化废水深度处理研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2014, 40(4): 95-98.
	WANG Jiao, YU Bing, SUN Liming. Study on advanced treatment of coking wastewater by sequencing batch MBR-RO[J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2014, 40(4): 95-98.
63	廖梅芳, 聂建瑞. 二氧化硫空气法处理黄金矿山含氰废水研究[J]. 价值工程, 2019, 38(20): 222-224.
	LIAO Meifang, NIE Jianrui. Study on the treatment of cyanide containing wastewater from gold mines by sulfur dioxide air process[J]. Value Engineering, 2019, 38(20): 222-224.
64	BOTZ M, MUDDER T, AKCIL A. Gold ore processing: project development and operations (second edition)[M]. USA: Elsevier Science, 2016: 619-645.
65	张文庆, 刘巍. 含氰废水处理方法介绍[J]. 实用药物与临床, 2005(S1): 13-15.
	ZHANG Wenqing, LIU Wei. Introduction to treatment methods of cyanide-containing wastewater[J]. Practical Pharmacy and Clinical Remedies, 2005(S1): 13-15.
66	杨洪泽, 艾江波, 张胜海. 少量超高浓度含氰废液的处理[J]. 铁道劳动安全卫生与环保, 2004(1): 22-23.
	YANG Hongze, AI Jiangbo, ZHANG Shenghai. Treatment of a small amount of ultra-high concentration cyanide-containing waste liquid[J]. Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health, 2004(1): 22-23.
67	孙聪, 王为振, 常耀超, 等. SO₂-空气法处理氰化矿浆的试验研究[J]. 矿冶, 2015, 24(5): 72-74.
	SUN Cong, WANG Weizhen, CHANG Yaochao, et al. Experimental study on treating cyanide slurry by SO₂-air method[J]. Mining & Metallurgy, 2015, 24(5): 72-74.
68	滕蒙, 孟庆锐. 利用A/A/O工艺处理焦化废水的工程实例总结[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2010, 10(3): 835-838.
	TENG Meng, MENG Qingrui. The summary of using A/A/O process for treatment of coking wastewater project[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2010, 10(3): 835-838.

污染物项目	限值
污染物项目	直接排放/mg·L^-1	间接排放/mg·L^-1
化学需氧量（COD）	80	150
氨氮	10	25
总氮	20	50
挥发酚	0.30	0.30
硫化物	0.50	0.50
氰化物	0.20	0.20

污染物项目	限值
污染物项目	直接排放/mg·L^-1	间接排放/mg·L^-1
化学需氧量（COD）	80	150
氨氮	10	25
总氮	20	50
挥发酚	0.30	0.30
硫化物	0.50	0.50
氰化物	0.20	0.20

统计类别	pH	COD/mg·L^-1	BOD/mg·L^-1	氨氮/mg·L^-1	酚类/mg·L^-1	氰化物/mg·L^-1	油类/mg·L^-1	硫化物/mg·L^-1	SS/mg·L^-1
最大值	10.3	8000	2050	3250	1300	350	385.3	215	500
最小值	7	1000	334.5	72.8	90	4.9	10	17.5	75
平均值	8.2	3433.7	903.4	549.3	483.0	34.8	113.7	94.2	199.2

统计类别	pH	COD/mg·L^-1	BOD/mg·L^-1	氨氮/mg·L^-1	酚类/mg·L^-1	氰化物/mg·L^-1	油类/mg·L^-1	硫化物/mg·L^-1	SS/mg·L^-1
最大值	10.3	8000	2050	3250	1300	350	385.3	215	500
最小值	7	1000	334.5	72.8	90	4.9	10	17.5	75
平均值	8.2	3433.7	903.4	549.3	483.0	34.8	113.7	94.2	199.2

氰化物处理技术	优点	缺点
活性污泥法	处理条件温和、处理费用低廉、操作简便灵活	对氨氮的处理效果差
A/O工艺	处理条件温和、处理费用低廉、操作简便灵活	进水水质要求高、抗冲击能力差、出水COD难以达标
A/A/O工艺	工艺简单、总水力停留时间短、运行费用低、处理效率较好	单独使用无法使污染物指标达标
碱性氯化法	处理效果较好、设备简单、成本较低	增大氯离子浓度，为后处理带来麻烦，中间产物有毒，反应过程要严格控制pH
氰化铁沉淀法	成本低、设备投资少、操作简便，且产物可资源化	单独使用无法使出水氰化物浓度达标
Fenton工艺	处理效果好、处理高效、提高废水可生化性	成本较高，污泥产生量大
活性炭吸附法	反应条件温和、操作简便、深度处理后的废水可回用	成本较高、再生系统操作难度大且费用高
臭氧法	处理效果显著、操作管理方便、不产生二次污染	耗电量较大、运行和投资费用高、单纯臭氧氧化处理效率低
离子交换法	去除率高、设备简单、操作简便	水质要求高，离子交换剂的再生和再生液的处理困难、费用高
MBR	处理效率高，占地面积小，降低污泥处理费用，操作管理方便	投资较大，过滤膜易污染，单独作为深度处理单元时处理效果较差
膜处理法	分离效果良好、操作方便、运用范围广泛、占地小	选择性透过膜的价格较高且容易被污染，存在浓盐水的后处理问题
二氧化硫与空气法	工艺简单、设备简便，处理成本低，处理效果好	无法去除废水中的硫氰化物，使用时要严格控制pH