废轮胎热裂解技术研究现状与进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2045

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结合目前废旧轮胎资源化处理现状及研究成果，本文对热解机理、热解技术进行分析、对比，着重介绍了热解温度、升温速率、物料粒径、催化剂等工艺参数对热解产物产率的影响，分析表明Coast-Redfern积分法所得动力学模型较准确，平均反应活化能为129.5kJ/mol；现有的研究表明，热解温度对产物产率影响最大，气相产物与液相产物产率随温度升高而增加，其中液相产物产率相对较高的热解温度在500~550℃范围内，固相产物品质较高的热解温度在500~650℃范围内。其次对其固、液、气三相产物特性及应用和污染物（S、PAHs）的分布与控制方法做了归纳总结，为废旧轮胎热解技术向工业化发展提供技术依据。

关键词: 废轮胎, 热解, 工艺参数, 反应动力学, 特性分析, 废物处理

Abstract:

According to the current research of waste tire treatment, the pyrolysis mechanisms and technologies were analyzed and compared. The effects of process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, material particle size and catalyst on the yield of pyrolysis products were discussed seriously. It indicated that the kinetic model proposed by the Coast-Redfern integration method was more accurate relatively, and the average reaction activation energy was about 129.5kJ/mol. The current research indicated that the pyrolysis temperature had the greatest influence on the products yield, and the yield of gas and liquid products increased with increasing temperature. Relative higher yield of liquid products and higher quality of solid products were able to be achieved in the pyrolysis temperature ranges of 500—550℃ and 500—650℃, respectively. Furthermore, the characteristics and applications of the solid, liquid and gas three-phase products were analyzed and summarized, as well as the distributions and control methods of pollutants (S, PAHs), to provide a technical basis for the industrial development of waste tire pyrolysis technology. The technology references for the industrial application of waste tire pyrolysis were concluded consequently.

Key words: waste tire, pyrolysis, process parameters, reaction kinetics, characteristic analysis, waste treatment

中图分类号:

TQ330.9

季炫宇, 林伟坚, 周雄, 柏继松, 杨宇, 孔杰, 廖重阳. 废轮胎热裂解技术研究现状与进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(8): 4498-4512.

JI Xuanyu, LIN Weijian, ZHOU Xiong, BAI Jisong, YANG Yu, KONG Jie, LIAO Chongyang. Research status and progress of waste tire pyrolysis technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(8): 4498-4512.

图/表 8

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物料种类	元素/%					热值 /MJ·kg^-1
物料种类	C	H	N	S	O*	热值 /MJ·kg^-1
废轮胎	86.3	8.42	0.81	2.57	1.9	36.27
煤	88.04	5.52	1.8	0.42	4.22	20.34
木屑	49.84	7.73	2.88	0	39.55	15.41
塑胶	59.97	8.76	3.76	0.25	27.26	30.19

物料种类	元素/%					热值 /MJ·kg^-1
物料种类	C	H	N	S	O*	热值 /MJ·kg^-1
废轮胎	86.3	8.42	0.81	2.57	1.9	36.27
煤	88.04	5.52	1.8	0.42	4.22	20.34
木屑	49.84	7.73	2.88	0	39.55	15.41
塑胶	59.97	8.76	3.76	0.25	27.26	30.19

热解技术	热解装置	液相最大产率 /%	固相最大产率 /%	气相最大产率 /%	优点	缺点
直接热解	适用多种热解装置	45.2	49.53	14	热解工艺简单，成本较低	高价值产物回收效率较低
熔融盐热解	熔融盐热解装置	43.6	53.2	14.7	反应迅速；共融物可循环使用	对设备稳定性要求较高
等离子体热解	等离子体炬装置	—	78.4	65.6	污染极小；气体产物中H₂占比较大；固相产物品质与商业炭黑一致	能耗高；不适用于制备热解油
催化热解	适用多种热解装置	60	—	24.8	可提升高价值目标产物产率	积炭结焦，活性降低；价格较昂贵
微波热解	微波热解炉	44.2	44.8	26	可实现整胎热解；污染小	实际热解温度难以测定
共热解	适用多种热解装置	48	—	35.4	最佳热解温度较低，能耗低	轮胎占比过高降低油品质量

热解技术	热解装置	液相最大产率 /%	固相最大产率 /%	气相最大产率 /%	优点	缺点
直接热解	适用多种热解装置	45.2	49.53	14	热解工艺简单，成本较低	高价值产物回收效率较低
熔融盐热解	熔融盐热解装置	43.6	53.2	14.7	反应迅速；共融物可循环使用	对设备稳定性要求较高
等离子体热解	等离子体炬装置	—	78.4	65.6	污染极小；气体产物中H₂占比较大；固相产物品质与商业炭黑一致	能耗高；不适用于制备热解油
催化热解	适用多种热解装置	60	—	24.8	可提升高价值目标产物产率	积炭结焦，活性降低；价格较昂贵
微波热解	微波热解炉	44.2	44.8	26	可实现整胎热解；污染小	实际热解温度难以测定
共热解	适用多种热解装置	48	—	35.4	最佳热解温度较低，能耗低	轮胎占比过高降低油品质量

T/℃	废轮胎热解气组分/%								热值/MJ·kg^-1
T/℃	CH ₄	H ₂	CO	CO ₂	C ₂ H ₄	C ₃ H ₆	C ₃ H ₉	其他	热值/MJ·kg^-1
400	24.73	12.07	13.07	18.51	4.84.	7.95	5.98	9.24	32.04
450	28.25	13.39	11.69	12.17	5.44	8.25	6.47	9.31	35.44
500	32.83	15.58	7.58	7.17	6.54	7.87	6.23	8.57	37.75
550	34.84	15.18	7.18	7.18	6.45	7.04	6.07	7.81	37.54
600	37.01	16.00	6.34	6.31	6.00	6.07	5.33	9.55	36.49
650	40.16	17.06	5.43	5.50	5.50	5.25	4.55	9.80	35.46