化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 6627-6643.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0195
收稿日期:
2022-02-06
修回日期:
2022-03-14
出版日期:
2022-12-20
发布日期:
2022-12-29
作者简介:
齐亚兵(1983—),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为传质与分离技术、水处理技术。E-mail:yabingqi@xauat.edu.cn。
基金资助:
Received:
2022-02-06
Revised:
2022-03-14
Online:
2022-12-20
Published:
2022-12-29
摘要:
基于SO
中图分类号:
齐亚兵. 活化过硫酸盐高级氧化法降解抗生素的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(12): 6627-6643.
QI Yabing. Research progress on degradation of antibiotics by activated persulfate oxidation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(12): 6627-6643.
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | 热 | CTC=20μmol/L,PS/TC(摩尔比)=500,T=60℃,pH初始=4,t=120min | 降解率99.94%;矿化率73.05%;降解路径包括脱甲基、脱氨基、脱羟基、加氧、开环、水解等;伪一级动力学降解;TC降解表观活化能82.98kJ/mol | SO | [ |
MNZ | 热 | CMNZ=100mg/L,CPS=20mmol/L,T=60℃,未调节pH,t=180min | 降解率96.6%;矿化率(10h)97.2%;MNZ降解表观活化能100.04kJ/mol | SO | [ |
CFX、CFD、CFO | 热 | CCEFs=0.1mmol/L,CPS=1mmol/L,T=60℃,pH初始=7 | Cl-、HCO | SO | [ |
SMX | 热 | CSMX=30μmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,T=30~60℃,pH=4~10.1 | 伪一级动力学降解,速率常数随温度和pH的增加而显著增加;HCO | SO | [ |
TC、OTC、CTC | 热 | CTCs=30μmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,T=40~70℃,pH=4~9 | 伪一级动力学降解,速率常数随温度和pH的增加而显著增加;降解率排序OTC>CTC>TC;四环素降解路径包括N-脱甲基、羟基氧化、脱水 | [ | |
SCP | 热 | CSCP=3.51μmol/L,CPS=140μmol/L,T=40℃,pH=3~10,t=300min | 降解率>85%;Cl-、HCO | SO | [ |
SMX | 热 | CSMX=100mg/L,CPMS=400μmol/L,pH=3~11,T=40~80℃ | 降解率随PS浓度和温度增大而增大,pH对降解率有重要影响,pH为9.5时SMX降解率最高;反应的活化能为103kJ/mol;酸性pH时SO | SO | [ |
CAP | 纳米Fe0+热 | HA、NO | SO | [ | |
SMX | MnO2+热 | CSMX=10mg/L, | MnO2+热的协同效应为88.62%;降解路径包括C—N键断裂、苯环羟基化、氨基脱氢、电子转移 | SO | [ |
表1 热活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | 热 | CTC=20μmol/L,PS/TC(摩尔比)=500,T=60℃,pH初始=4,t=120min | 降解率99.94%;矿化率73.05%;降解路径包括脱甲基、脱氨基、脱羟基、加氧、开环、水解等;伪一级动力学降解;TC降解表观活化能82.98kJ/mol | SO | [ |
MNZ | 热 | CMNZ=100mg/L,CPS=20mmol/L,T=60℃,未调节pH,t=180min | 降解率96.6%;矿化率(10h)97.2%;MNZ降解表观活化能100.04kJ/mol | SO | [ |
CFX、CFD、CFO | 热 | CCEFs=0.1mmol/L,CPS=1mmol/L,T=60℃,pH初始=7 | Cl-、HCO | SO | [ |
SMX | 热 | CSMX=30μmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,T=30~60℃,pH=4~10.1 | 伪一级动力学降解,速率常数随温度和pH的增加而显著增加;HCO | SO | [ |
TC、OTC、CTC | 热 | CTCs=30μmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,T=40~70℃,pH=4~9 | 伪一级动力学降解,速率常数随温度和pH的增加而显著增加;降解率排序OTC>CTC>TC;四环素降解路径包括N-脱甲基、羟基氧化、脱水 | [ | |
SCP | 热 | CSCP=3.51μmol/L,CPS=140μmol/L,T=40℃,pH=3~10,t=300min | 降解率>85%;Cl-、HCO | SO | [ |
SMX | 热 | CSMX=100mg/L,CPMS=400μmol/L,pH=3~11,T=40~80℃ | 降解率随PS浓度和温度增大而增大,pH对降解率有重要影响,pH为9.5时SMX降解率最高;反应的活化能为103kJ/mol;酸性pH时SO | SO | [ |
CAP | 纳米Fe0+热 | HA、NO | SO | [ | |
SMX | MnO2+热 | CSMX=10mg/L, | MnO2+热的协同效应为88.62%;降解路径包括C—N键断裂、苯环羟基化、氨基脱氢、电子转移 | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH | 微波 | CTCH=60mg/L,CPS=6mmol/L,pH初始=6.5,MW功率=500W,t=5min | 降解率99.4%(MW+PS)、10.3%(MW)、7.5%(CH)、67.9%(CH+PS) | SO | [ |
LVF、CIP、NOR | 微波+三维ZnCo2O4、微波+三维C@ZnCo2O4、微波+三维C@ZnFe2O4 | CLVF=10mg/L,CCIP=10mg/L,CNOR=5mg/L; | 降解率92.1%,矿化率69.8%(LVF,微波+三维ZnCo2O4);降解率91.7%,矿化率73.1%(CIP,微波+三维C@ZnCo2O4);降解率86.5%,矿化率69.6%(NOR,微波+三维C@ZnFe2O4);降解途径包括脱甲基化、脱羟基、哌嗪化、羧化及开环 | SO | [ |
OFX | 微波+Cu-Ce-轮胎炭 | COFX=300mg/L,C催化剂=2g/L,CPMS=12g/L,微波功率=400W,T=60℃,t=60min | 降解率95.8%,矿化率87.6% | SO | [ |
表2 微波活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH | 微波 | CTCH=60mg/L,CPS=6mmol/L,pH初始=6.5,MW功率=500W,t=5min | 降解率99.4%(MW+PS)、10.3%(MW)、7.5%(CH)、67.9%(CH+PS) | SO | [ |
LVF、CIP、NOR | 微波+三维ZnCo2O4、微波+三维C@ZnCo2O4、微波+三维C@ZnFe2O4 | CLVF=10mg/L,CCIP=10mg/L,CNOR=5mg/L; | 降解率92.1%,矿化率69.8%(LVF,微波+三维ZnCo2O4);降解率91.7%,矿化率73.1%(CIP,微波+三维C@ZnCo2O4);降解率86.5%,矿化率69.6%(NOR,微波+三维C@ZnFe2O4);降解途径包括脱甲基化、脱羟基、哌嗪化、羧化及开环 | SO | [ |
OFX | 微波+Cu-Ce-轮胎炭 | COFX=300mg/L,C催化剂=2g/L,CPMS=12g/L,微波功率=400W,T=60℃,t=60min | 降解率95.8%,矿化率87.6% | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | 超声波 | CTC=0.052mmol/L,CPDS=4mmol/L,超声功率=500W,超声频率=35kHz,pH=10,t=120min | 降解率96.5%,矿化率61.2%,COD去除率74% | SO | [ |
SDZ | 超声+Fe0 | CSDZ=20mg/L, | 降解率93.2%;SO | [ | |
AMX | 超声+Fe0 | CAMX=0.1mmol/L, | 降解率100%;降解路径:羟基化反应和β-内酰胺开环 | SO | [ |
CIP | 超声 | CCIP=15mg/L,CPS=0.1g/L,超声功率=152W,pH=6.97,T=25℃,t=60min | 降解率91.57%,反应动力学常数42.47×10-3min-1;酸性条件下SO | SO | [ |
CIP | 超声+纳米Zn0 | CCIP=50mg/L,CPS=1200mg/L, | 降解率55%,COD去除率30% | [ | |
MNZ | 超声+CuCoFe2O4@MC/AC | CMNZ=5mg/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,CPS=6mmol/L,超声频率=60kHz,pH=3,t=15min | 降解率93.78%,矿化率87.5% | SO | [ |
表3 超声波活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | 超声波 | CTC=0.052mmol/L,CPDS=4mmol/L,超声功率=500W,超声频率=35kHz,pH=10,t=120min | 降解率96.5%,矿化率61.2%,COD去除率74% | SO | [ |
SDZ | 超声+Fe0 | CSDZ=20mg/L, | 降解率93.2%;SO | [ | |
AMX | 超声+Fe0 | CAMX=0.1mmol/L, | 降解率100%;降解路径:羟基化反应和β-内酰胺开环 | SO | [ |
CIP | 超声 | CCIP=15mg/L,CPS=0.1g/L,超声功率=152W,pH=6.97,T=25℃,t=60min | 降解率91.57%,反应动力学常数42.47×10-3min-1;酸性条件下SO | SO | [ |
CIP | 超声+纳米Zn0 | CCIP=50mg/L,CPS=1200mg/L, | 降解率55%,COD去除率30% | [ | |
MNZ | 超声+CuCoFe2O4@MC/AC | CMNZ=5mg/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,CPS=6mmol/L,超声频率=60kHz,pH=3,t=15min | 降解率93.78%,矿化率87.5% | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CFX | UV | CCFX=0.1mmol/L,CPS=1mmol/L,λ=254nm,辐照强度=0.18×10-8kWh/(L·s),pH=7,t=20min | 降解率87%(实际废水水质)、96%(地表水水质);低浓度和高浓度Cl-对CFX的降解分别具有抑制和促进作用;HCO | SO | [ |
CAP | UV | 直接光解为CAP降解的主要路径;富马酸和腐殖酸对CAP降解有重要影响,NO | SO | [ | |
NOR、ENR | UV | CNOR=0.013mmol/L,CENR=0.013mmol/L,CPS=0.05mmol/L,pH=9,T=20℃ | 速率常数:(0.186±0.018)min-1(NOR)、(0.250±0.029)min-1(ENR)。NOR降解路径:(1)光子攻击羧基脱羧;(2)喹诺酮核上C—F键的脱氟;(3)SO | SO | [ |
AMP、CLO、OXA、CFX、CPD、LEV、NOR、CIP | UV | C抗生素=40μmol/L,CPS=500μmol/L,光强度=398μW/cm2,pH=6.5 | 降解率均大于60%,降解率排序CFX>OXA>AMP>LEV>NOR>CIP>CLO>CPD;OXA、CFX的降解主要靠直接光解,CIP的降解依靠反应活性物种和直接光解 | SO | [ |
SMT | UV、VUV | 降解率、矿化率和活化率VUV+PS体系>UV+PS体系;共存离子对SMT降解的抑制排序为NO | SO | [ | |
SMZ | UV+Cu0-Cu2O | CSMZ=50mg/L,C催化剂=0.2g/L,CPS=0.8g/L,λ=365nm,T=25℃,pH=7,t=30min | 降解率100%,矿化率30%;催化剂循环使用5次后,降解率衰减12.2% | OH·、SO | [ |
AMX、BEN、CFT、CFX、MER、AZT、SUL | Vis+MCN | MIP指数越小,氧化难度越低;MIP指数越大,氧化难度越高;降解路径包括β-内酰胺环的断裂或水解、C—N键和C—C键的直接断裂、侧链的脱落、特异性结合 | [ | ||
CIP | Vis+SCN | CCIP=10mg/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,CPS=2mmol/L,pH=6,t=30min | 降解率95%,速率常数0.132min-1(SCN+PS)、0.0102min-1(SCN)、0.0649min-1(g-C3N4);降解路径包括哌嗪开环、脱羰、脱羧、脱氟 | O | [ |
TC | Vis+N-CQDs/g-C3N4 | CTC=20mg/L,C催化剂=0.5g/L,CPS=0.6g/L,420nm≤λ≤780nm,pH=6.3,t=60min | 降解率91%;体系协同效应:(1)N-CQDs增强了可见光响应,促进光生载流子的分离;(2)PS作为电子受体,进一步分离光生电子和空穴;(3)复合催化剂作为优良电子桥,更多光诱导电子可促进PS的活化 | O | [ |
CIP | 模拟太阳光+低品位钛矿 | CCIP=1mg/L,CPS=3.5mg/L,C钛矿=200mg/L,辐照强度=385W/m2,pH≈6.5,t=90min | 降解率97.7%±0.6% | [ |
表4 光活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CFX | UV | CCFX=0.1mmol/L,CPS=1mmol/L,λ=254nm,辐照强度=0.18×10-8kWh/(L·s),pH=7,t=20min | 降解率87%(实际废水水质)、96%(地表水水质);低浓度和高浓度Cl-对CFX的降解分别具有抑制和促进作用;HCO | SO | [ |
CAP | UV | 直接光解为CAP降解的主要路径;富马酸和腐殖酸对CAP降解有重要影响,NO | SO | [ | |
NOR、ENR | UV | CNOR=0.013mmol/L,CENR=0.013mmol/L,CPS=0.05mmol/L,pH=9,T=20℃ | 速率常数:(0.186±0.018)min-1(NOR)、(0.250±0.029)min-1(ENR)。NOR降解路径:(1)光子攻击羧基脱羧;(2)喹诺酮核上C—F键的脱氟;(3)SO | SO | [ |
AMP、CLO、OXA、CFX、CPD、LEV、NOR、CIP | UV | C抗生素=40μmol/L,CPS=500μmol/L,光强度=398μW/cm2,pH=6.5 | 降解率均大于60%,降解率排序CFX>OXA>AMP>LEV>NOR>CIP>CLO>CPD;OXA、CFX的降解主要靠直接光解,CIP的降解依靠反应活性物种和直接光解 | SO | [ |
SMT | UV、VUV | 降解率、矿化率和活化率VUV+PS体系>UV+PS体系;共存离子对SMT降解的抑制排序为NO | SO | [ | |
SMZ | UV+Cu0-Cu2O | CSMZ=50mg/L,C催化剂=0.2g/L,CPS=0.8g/L,λ=365nm,T=25℃,pH=7,t=30min | 降解率100%,矿化率30%;催化剂循环使用5次后,降解率衰减12.2% | OH·、SO | [ |
AMX、BEN、CFT、CFX、MER、AZT、SUL | Vis+MCN | MIP指数越小,氧化难度越低;MIP指数越大,氧化难度越高;降解路径包括β-内酰胺环的断裂或水解、C—N键和C—C键的直接断裂、侧链的脱落、特异性结合 | [ | ||
CIP | Vis+SCN | CCIP=10mg/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,CPS=2mmol/L,pH=6,t=30min | 降解率95%,速率常数0.132min-1(SCN+PS)、0.0102min-1(SCN)、0.0649min-1(g-C3N4);降解路径包括哌嗪开环、脱羰、脱羧、脱氟 | O | [ |
TC | Vis+N-CQDs/g-C3N4 | CTC=20mg/L,C催化剂=0.5g/L,CPS=0.6g/L,420nm≤λ≤780nm,pH=6.3,t=60min | 降解率91%;体系协同效应:(1)N-CQDs增强了可见光响应,促进光生载流子的分离;(2)PS作为电子受体,进一步分离光生电子和空穴;(3)复合催化剂作为优良电子桥,更多光诱导电子可促进PS的活化 | O | [ |
CIP | 模拟太阳光+低品位钛矿 | CCIP=1mg/L,CPS=3.5mg/L,C钛矿=200mg/L,辐照强度=385W/m2,pH≈6.5,t=90min | 降解率97.7%±0.6% | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH | 电化学 | 阴阳极材质:铂。CTCH=50mg/L,CPS=12.6mmol/L,J=13.33mA/cm2,pH=4.42,T=25℃,t=4h | 降解率81.1%,矿化率31.3% | SO | [ |
CIP | 电化学 | 阴阳极材质:铁。CCIP=10mg/L,CPS=0.42mmol/L,J=1.45mA/cm2,pH=5,t=75min | 降解率>94%,开始阶段CIP的氧化降解起主要作用,随后电絮凝在CIP的降解中起主要作用 | OH·(主导)、SO | [ |
SMZ | 电化学 | 阴阳极材质:硼掺杂金刚石。CSMZ=50mg/L,CPS=0.4g/L,J=21mA/cm2,pH=4,t=15min | 降解率100%,在相同条件下,电化学活化PS对SMZ的降解率高于电芬顿对SMZ的降解率 | SO | [ |
AMP | 电化学 | 阳极材质:硼掺杂金刚石。阴极材质:铂。CAMP=1.1mg/L,CPS=250mg/L,J=25mA/cm2, | 降解率100%(电化学+太阳辐射+PS,8min),100%(电化学+PS,15min),约90%(电化学,30min);降解率随PS浓度和电流密度的增大、AMP浓度的减小而增大;Cl-促进AMP的降解,HA抑制AMP的降解,HCO | [ | |
SMZ | 电化学 | 优化条件:I=18.4mA,CPS=3.54mmol/L,pH=3.43,t=60min | 影响因素重要性排序:电解时间>pH>电流>PS浓度 | [ | |
TC | 电化学+纳米MnFe2O4 | 阳极:铂板,阴极:石墨板。CTC=25mg/L, | 降解率23.82%(电化学)、36.34%(MnFe2O4+PS)、53.27%(电化学+PS)、86.23%(电化学+MnFe2O4+PS) | SO | [ |
TC、OTC、NOR | 电化学+超声 | CTC=0.045mmol/L,COTC=0.04mmol/L,CNOR=0.031mmol/L,CPS∶CTC=200∶1,CPS∶COTC= 100∶1,CPS∶CNOR=50∶1,超声功率=100W,电极电位=4V,T=40℃,pH=3,t=120min | 降解率71.45%(TC)、58.4%(OTC)、50.7%(NOR) | SO | [ |
表5 电化学活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH | 电化学 | 阴阳极材质:铂。CTCH=50mg/L,CPS=12.6mmol/L,J=13.33mA/cm2,pH=4.42,T=25℃,t=4h | 降解率81.1%,矿化率31.3% | SO | [ |
CIP | 电化学 | 阴阳极材质:铁。CCIP=10mg/L,CPS=0.42mmol/L,J=1.45mA/cm2,pH=5,t=75min | 降解率>94%,开始阶段CIP的氧化降解起主要作用,随后电絮凝在CIP的降解中起主要作用 | OH·(主导)、SO | [ |
SMZ | 电化学 | 阴阳极材质:硼掺杂金刚石。CSMZ=50mg/L,CPS=0.4g/L,J=21mA/cm2,pH=4,t=15min | 降解率100%,在相同条件下,电化学活化PS对SMZ的降解率高于电芬顿对SMZ的降解率 | SO | [ |
AMP | 电化学 | 阳极材质:硼掺杂金刚石。阴极材质:铂。CAMP=1.1mg/L,CPS=250mg/L,J=25mA/cm2, | 降解率100%(电化学+太阳辐射+PS,8min),100%(电化学+PS,15min),约90%(电化学,30min);降解率随PS浓度和电流密度的增大、AMP浓度的减小而增大;Cl-促进AMP的降解,HA抑制AMP的降解,HCO | [ | |
SMZ | 电化学 | 优化条件:I=18.4mA,CPS=3.54mmol/L,pH=3.43,t=60min | 影响因素重要性排序:电解时间>pH>电流>PS浓度 | [ | |
TC | 电化学+纳米MnFe2O4 | 阳极:铂板,阴极:石墨板。CTC=25mg/L, | 降解率23.82%(电化学)、36.34%(MnFe2O4+PS)、53.27%(电化学+PS)、86.23%(电化学+MnFe2O4+PS) | SO | [ |
TC、OTC、NOR | 电化学+超声 | CTC=0.045mmol/L,COTC=0.04mmol/L,CNOR=0.031mmol/L,CPS∶CTC=200∶1,CPS∶COTC= 100∶1,CPS∶CNOR=50∶1,超声功率=100W,电极电位=4V,T=40℃,pH=3,t=120min | 降解率71.45%(TC)、58.4%(OTC)、50.7%(NOR) | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | 气相表面放电等离子体 | CTC=40mg/L,nPS∶nTC=20∶1,空气流速=1L/min,电压=7kV,pH=5.3,t=15min | 降解率87.5%,速率常数0.232min-1,协同因子1.856 | SO | [ |
SMX | 介质阻挡放电等离子体 | 增加电压、溶液pH、PMS或PDS浓度可提高SMX的降解率;SMX降解的中间产物为5-氨基-3-甲基异𫫇唑、4-氨基苯磺酸、亚硝基苯、4-硝基磺胺甲𫫇唑和羟基化产物 | SO | [ | |
TMP | 纳秒脉冲气液放电等离子 | CTMP=40mg/L,nPS∶nTMP=50,电压=30kV,pH=3.1,t=50min | 降解率94.6%(空气)、98.8%(Ar);PS和等离子体对TMP的降解有明显的协同效应,协同效应来源于SO | SO | [ |
表6 等离子体活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | 气相表面放电等离子体 | CTC=40mg/L,nPS∶nTC=20∶1,空气流速=1L/min,电压=7kV,pH=5.3,t=15min | 降解率87.5%,速率常数0.232min-1,协同因子1.856 | SO | [ |
SMX | 介质阻挡放电等离子体 | 增加电压、溶液pH、PMS或PDS浓度可提高SMX的降解率;SMX降解的中间产物为5-氨基-3-甲基异𫫇唑、4-氨基苯磺酸、亚硝基苯、4-硝基磺胺甲𫫇唑和羟基化产物 | SO | [ | |
TMP | 纳秒脉冲气液放电等离子 | CTMP=40mg/L,nPS∶nTMP=50,电压=30kV,pH=3.1,t=50min | 降解率94.6%(空气)、98.8%(Ar);PS和等离子体对TMP的降解有明显的协同效应,协同效应来源于SO | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMZ | 微米Fe0(μZVI) | CμZVI=0.25g/L,CPS=7.5mmol/L,pH=5,CSMZ=50μmol/L,t=30min | 降解率100% | SO | [ |
CIP | 工业废铁屑(300~450μm) | CPS=200g/L,CCIP=10mg/L,pH=7,CFe=2g/L,T=25℃±1℃,t=120min | 降解率94%,矿化率45.9% | SO | [ |
SDZ | Fe0粉(D50=87.3μm) | pH=5~9 | pH对SDZ最终降解率影响不大,Fe0∶PS=1∶1时降解率较高。攻击位点:S—C、S—N、氨基以及部分C、N原子 | SO | [ |
SDZ | 球磨硫化改性Fe0(S-ZVIbm)、球磨Fe0(ZVIbm) | pH=4~9 | 降解效果:S-ZVIbm+PS>ZVIbm+PS,硫化物层具有更大的电导率和氧化能力,因而具有更好的PS活化能力。攻击位点S—N | SO | [ |
SMX | Fe2+ | CSMX=10mg/L,SMX∶Fe2+∶PS(摩尔比)=1∶20∶80,t=50min | 连续添加Fe2+降解SMX效果最好,降解率达100% | OH·(主导),SO | [ |
TC | FeS | CTC=0.1mmol/L,pH=3,CPS=1mmol/L,CFeS=100mg/L,t=30min | 降解率100%,矿化率>50%;降解和矿化过程包括脱水、脱氢、羟基加成、脱甲基、取代、电传递、开环 | SO | [ |
CAP、TAP、CIP、NOR | FeS | CFeS=0.6g/L,pH=7,CPMS=6mmol/L,t=120min | 降解率CAP(93.5%)、TAP(98.5%)、CIP(100%)、NOR(100%) | SO Fe(Ⅳ) | [ |
SMZ | Cu2+ | 较优条件:CSMZ=25mg/L,CPS=2.5g/L,=0.2mmol/L,t=120min | 降解率94.8%~100%(pH=4~8);降解率排序Ag+>Cu2+>Mn2+>Co2+>Fe3+>Fe2+ | SO | [ |
CIP | 硫化钴中空纳米球(CoS x HNSs) | CCIP=0.01g/L,=0.08g/L,pH=8,CPMS=1.3mmol/L,T=25℃,t=60min | 降解率100%(CoS2);降解性能排序包括CoS2 HNSs>Co3S4 HNSs>Co9S8 HNSs | SO | [ |
表7 单金属基催化剂活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMZ | 微米Fe0(μZVI) | CμZVI=0.25g/L,CPS=7.5mmol/L,pH=5,CSMZ=50μmol/L,t=30min | 降解率100% | SO | [ |
CIP | 工业废铁屑(300~450μm) | CPS=200g/L,CCIP=10mg/L,pH=7,CFe=2g/L,T=25℃±1℃,t=120min | 降解率94%,矿化率45.9% | SO | [ |
SDZ | Fe0粉(D50=87.3μm) | pH=5~9 | pH对SDZ最终降解率影响不大,Fe0∶PS=1∶1时降解率较高。攻击位点:S—C、S—N、氨基以及部分C、N原子 | SO | [ |
SDZ | 球磨硫化改性Fe0(S-ZVIbm)、球磨Fe0(ZVIbm) | pH=4~9 | 降解效果:S-ZVIbm+PS>ZVIbm+PS,硫化物层具有更大的电导率和氧化能力,因而具有更好的PS活化能力。攻击位点S—N | SO | [ |
SMX | Fe2+ | CSMX=10mg/L,SMX∶Fe2+∶PS(摩尔比)=1∶20∶80,t=50min | 连续添加Fe2+降解SMX效果最好,降解率达100% | OH·(主导),SO | [ |
TC | FeS | CTC=0.1mmol/L,pH=3,CPS=1mmol/L,CFeS=100mg/L,t=30min | 降解率100%,矿化率>50%;降解和矿化过程包括脱水、脱氢、羟基加成、脱甲基、取代、电传递、开环 | SO | [ |
CAP、TAP、CIP、NOR | FeS | CFeS=0.6g/L,pH=7,CPMS=6mmol/L,t=120min | 降解率CAP(93.5%)、TAP(98.5%)、CIP(100%)、NOR(100%) | SO Fe(Ⅳ) | [ |
SMZ | Cu2+ | 较优条件:CSMZ=25mg/L,CPS=2.5g/L,=0.2mmol/L,t=120min | 降解率94.8%~100%(pH=4~8);降解率排序Ag+>Cu2+>Mn2+>Co2+>Fe3+>Fe2+ | SO | [ |
CIP | 硫化钴中空纳米球(CoS x HNSs) | CCIP=0.01g/L,=0.08g/L,pH=8,CPMS=1.3mmol/L,T=25℃,t=60min | 降解率100%(CoS2);降解性能排序包括CoS2 HNSs>Co3S4 HNSs>Co9S8 HNSs | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH | CuFe2O4 | CTCH=50mg/L, | 降解率93% | SO | [ |
TC | Ag0.4-BiFeO3 | CTC=10mg/L, | 降解率91%,反应速率常数0.0338min-1,pH对降解率影响很小 | SO | [ |
SDZ | Fe3O4@CuO x (FCHS) | CSDZ=5mg/L,pH=7,CFCHS=0.2g/L,CPS=2mmol/L,t=200min | 降解率95%,Fe(Ⅲ)与Cu(Ⅰ)氧化还原反应产生的Fe(Ⅱ)为活化PS的主要活性位点,PO | SO | [ |
LVF | CuO/MnFe2O4 | 降解率91.3% | SO | [ | |
LMF | CuFe2O4/Bi2O3 | 降解率77.19%,Cu(Ⅰ)/Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)和Bi(Ⅲ)/Bi(Ⅴ)的价态转化为PS活化的关键 | SO | [ | |
TC | ZrO2/MnFe2O4 | Fe/Zr(摩尔比)=10,CPDS=6mmol/L, | 降解率85.2%,无机离子对TC降解的抑制排序:H2PO | SO | [ |
TC | NiCo2O4 | CTC=10mg/L,CPS=250mg/L, | 降解率81.1%,协同活化作用来源于Ni3+/Ni2+和Co3+/Co2+之间的价态转变 | SO | [ |
TC | γ-Fe2O3/CeO2 | CTC=20mg/L, | 降解率84%,PS和γ-Fe2O3/CeO2的协同指数达72.2%,降解路径包括羟基化、脱甲基、脱碳、脱羟基、C—N断裂、开环 | SO | [ |
表8 多金属基催化剂活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH | CuFe2O4 | CTCH=50mg/L, | 降解率93% | SO | [ |
TC | Ag0.4-BiFeO3 | CTC=10mg/L, | 降解率91%,反应速率常数0.0338min-1,pH对降解率影响很小 | SO | [ |
SDZ | Fe3O4@CuO x (FCHS) | CSDZ=5mg/L,pH=7,CFCHS=0.2g/L,CPS=2mmol/L,t=200min | 降解率95%,Fe(Ⅲ)与Cu(Ⅰ)氧化还原反应产生的Fe(Ⅱ)为活化PS的主要活性位点,PO | SO | [ |
LVF | CuO/MnFe2O4 | 降解率91.3% | SO | [ | |
LMF | CuFe2O4/Bi2O3 | 降解率77.19%,Cu(Ⅰ)/Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)和Bi(Ⅲ)/Bi(Ⅴ)的价态转化为PS活化的关键 | SO | [ | |
TC | ZrO2/MnFe2O4 | Fe/Zr(摩尔比)=10,CPDS=6mmol/L, | 降解率85.2%,无机离子对TC降解的抑制排序:H2PO | SO | [ |
TC | NiCo2O4 | CTC=10mg/L,CPS=250mg/L, | 降解率81.1%,协同活化作用来源于Ni3+/Ni2+和Co3+/Co2+之间的价态转变 | SO | [ |
TC | γ-Fe2O3/CeO2 | CTC=20mg/L, | 降解率84%,PS和γ-Fe2O3/CeO2的协同指数达72.2%,降解路径包括羟基化、脱甲基、脱碳、脱羟基、C—N断裂、开环 | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | CA/GO | CA/GO=10∶1(质量比),CCA/GO=0.75g/L,CPS=10g/L,CTC=80g/L,pH=2,t=48h | 降解率>98%;催化剂循环使用4次,降解率仍为85%左右 | [ | |
TC | rGO-Co3O4 | CTC=5mg/L,CPS=0.3mmol/L,=200mg/L,pH=6,t=60min | 降解率96%,速率常数0.023min-1,催化剂循环使用3次,降解率仍大于84% | SO | [ |
LMF | AC@CoFe-LDH | AC/CoFe-LDH(质量比)=1∶2,CAC@CoFe-LDH=0.2g/L,CLMF=5mg/L,CPS=1g/L,pH=5,T=25℃,t=60min | 降解率93.2%,降解作用主要来源Fe(Ⅱ)/ Fe(Ⅲ)和Co(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅲ)的快速转化、活性炭上sp2 C和氧化官能团对PS的活化以及非自由基路径的降解 | SO | [ |
CIP | Fe@BC | 最优条件:CCIP=20mg/L,CFe@BC=0.1g/L,CPS=0.5mmol/L,T=25℃,pH=5 | 降解率90.78%(120min内),HCO | SO | [ |
TC | Fe-NPC | CTC=20mg/L,CFe-NPC=0.2g/L,CPS=1mmol/L,t=100min | 降解率82.84% | SO | [ |
NOR | BC@nZVI/Ni | nZVI/Ni∶BC(质量比)=1∶5,CBC@nZVI/Ni=0.2g/L,CNOR=10mg/L,CPS=0.4mmol/L,T=30℃,pH=3,t=30min | 降解率99.3%,反应速率常数:0.6712min-1,降解途径包括脱碳、脱氟、哌嗪环断裂,Cl-和HCO | SO | [ |
SDZ | ZVI/BC | CSDZ=20mg/L,CPDS=2mmol/L,CZVI/BC=200mg/L,T=25℃,pH=3,t=10min | 降解率100%,反应速率常数0.6429min-1;高温、低pH、低Cl-浓度有利于SDZ的降解,CO | SO lO2(主导) | [ |
NOR | rGO-Fe3O4 | CNOR=20mg/L,=0.5g/L,CPS=1g/L,pH=6.47,T=18℃,t=75min | 降解率89.69%,TOC去除率45.69%;降解路径包括哌嗪基环转化、脱氟 | SO | [ |
表9 金属与非金属复合催化剂活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC | CA/GO | CA/GO=10∶1(质量比),CCA/GO=0.75g/L,CPS=10g/L,CTC=80g/L,pH=2,t=48h | 降解率>98%;催化剂循环使用4次,降解率仍为85%左右 | [ | |
TC | rGO-Co3O4 | CTC=5mg/L,CPS=0.3mmol/L,=200mg/L,pH=6,t=60min | 降解率96%,速率常数0.023min-1,催化剂循环使用3次,降解率仍大于84% | SO | [ |
LMF | AC@CoFe-LDH | AC/CoFe-LDH(质量比)=1∶2,CAC@CoFe-LDH=0.2g/L,CLMF=5mg/L,CPS=1g/L,pH=5,T=25℃,t=60min | 降解率93.2%,降解作用主要来源Fe(Ⅱ)/ Fe(Ⅲ)和Co(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅲ)的快速转化、活性炭上sp2 C和氧化官能团对PS的活化以及非自由基路径的降解 | SO | [ |
CIP | Fe@BC | 最优条件:CCIP=20mg/L,CFe@BC=0.1g/L,CPS=0.5mmol/L,T=25℃,pH=5 | 降解率90.78%(120min内),HCO | SO | [ |
TC | Fe-NPC | CTC=20mg/L,CFe-NPC=0.2g/L,CPS=1mmol/L,t=100min | 降解率82.84% | SO | [ |
NOR | BC@nZVI/Ni | nZVI/Ni∶BC(质量比)=1∶5,CBC@nZVI/Ni=0.2g/L,CNOR=10mg/L,CPS=0.4mmol/L,T=30℃,pH=3,t=30min | 降解率99.3%,反应速率常数:0.6712min-1,降解途径包括脱碳、脱氟、哌嗪环断裂,Cl-和HCO | SO | [ |
SDZ | ZVI/BC | CSDZ=20mg/L,CPDS=2mmol/L,CZVI/BC=200mg/L,T=25℃,pH=3,t=10min | 降解率100%,反应速率常数0.6429min-1;高温、低pH、低Cl-浓度有利于SDZ的降解,CO | SO lO2(主导) | [ |
NOR | rGO-Fe3O4 | CNOR=20mg/L,=0.5g/L,CPS=1g/L,pH=6.47,T=18℃,t=75min | 降解率89.69%,TOC去除率45.69%;降解路径包括哌嗪基环转化、脱氟 | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDZ、TC | 半焦 | CSDZ=CTC=10mg/L,CPS=0.75g/L,CSC=0.5g/L,T=30℃,pH=3,t=240min | 降解率97.8%(SDZ)、97.2%(TC);催化剂4次再生后的降解率84.5%(SDZ)和95.9%(TC) | SO | [ |
MTZ | 粒状活性炭 | CMTZ=100mg/L,nPS∶nMTZ=100∶1,CGAC=5g/L,pH=3.9,t=240min | PS分解率50%;降解率80%;COD去除率65% | [ | |
MTZ | 硝酸改性活性炭 | CMTZ=100mg/L,最优条件下反应 | 降解率87% | [ | |
SMX | 活性炭、生物炭 | CSMX=0.5mg/L,CPS=0.5mmol/L,C活性炭=C生物炭=0.1g/L,T=25℃,pH=7.2,t=150min | 降解率88.7%(活性炭)、91.2%(生物炭) | SO | [ |
表10 半焦和活性炭活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDZ、TC | 半焦 | CSDZ=CTC=10mg/L,CPS=0.75g/L,CSC=0.5g/L,T=30℃,pH=3,t=240min | 降解率97.8%(SDZ)、97.2%(TC);催化剂4次再生后的降解率84.5%(SDZ)和95.9%(TC) | SO | [ |
MTZ | 粒状活性炭 | CMTZ=100mg/L,nPS∶nMTZ=100∶1,CGAC=5g/L,pH=3.9,t=240min | PS分解率50%;降解率80%;COD去除率65% | [ | |
MTZ | 硝酸改性活性炭 | CMTZ=100mg/L,最优条件下反应 | 降解率87% | [ | |
SMX | 活性炭、生物炭 | CSMX=0.5mg/L,CPS=0.5mmol/L,C活性炭=C生物炭=0.1g/L,T=25℃,pH=7.2,t=150min | 降解率88.7%(活性炭)、91.2%(生物炭) | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFL | LBC、CBC | COFL=10mg/L,CPS=500mg/L,C生物炭=500g/L,t=300min | 高温下CBC+PS对OFL降解率较高,最高可达83%;降解率CBC-1000>CBC-500;LBC+PS对OFL降解率很低;生物炭缺陷结构主导活化PS产生O | lO2(主导)、SO | [ |
SMX | 咖啡渣生物炭 | CSMX=0.5mg/L,固有pH,CPS=1000mg/L,C生物炭=200mg/L, t=75min | 降解率接近100%(超纯水质);表观动力学常数随PS浓度线性增加,随生物炭浓度增大而增大;HCO | SO | [ |
SMX | 麦芽根生物炭 | CSMX=0.25mg/L,CPS=250mg/L,C生物炭=90mg/L,t=90min | 降解率94%,表观速率常数0.03min-1,PS与生物炭表面的功能基团相互作用产生反应自由基 | [ | |
TC | BRC | CTC=20mg/L,CBRC-800=1g/L,CPMS=4mmol/L,T=25℃,t=90min | 降解率97.9%,反应速率常数0.03017min-1;H2PO | lO2(主导)、SO | [ |
SDZ | MBC | CSDZ=40mg/L,CMBC=1g/L,CPS=1.5mmol/L,pH=5.16,t=60min | 降解率91.79%,矿化率60%,反应速率常数0.03093min-1;Cu2+增强SDZ的降解,PO | SO | [ |
TC | 玉米秸秆生物炭+Cu2+ | CTC=120mg/L,CPS=300mg/L,CBC700=0.5g/L, | 降解率72.6%,Cl-、NO | SO | [ |
CFX | Fe2O3@LBC | CCFX=10mg/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,CPS=0.1g/L,未调节pH,T=30℃,t=200min | 降解率73.9%,反应速率常数0.0104min-1;催化剂的C—OH在降解过程中起关键作用,Fe3+/Fe2+的转化增强了CFX的降解;对CFX降解有抑制作用的阴离子有H2PO | SO | [ |
SMX | WGBC | CSMX=10mg/L,CWGBC=0.1g/L,CPS=0.1mmol/L,pH<11,t=120min | 降解率99%,石墨碳结构和C== O是WGBC对PS有高效活化能力的关键 | SO | [ |
表11 生物炭活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFL | LBC、CBC | COFL=10mg/L,CPS=500mg/L,C生物炭=500g/L,t=300min | 高温下CBC+PS对OFL降解率较高,最高可达83%;降解率CBC-1000>CBC-500;LBC+PS对OFL降解率很低;生物炭缺陷结构主导活化PS产生O | lO2(主导)、SO | [ |
SMX | 咖啡渣生物炭 | CSMX=0.5mg/L,固有pH,CPS=1000mg/L,C生物炭=200mg/L, t=75min | 降解率接近100%(超纯水质);表观动力学常数随PS浓度线性增加,随生物炭浓度增大而增大;HCO | SO | [ |
SMX | 麦芽根生物炭 | CSMX=0.25mg/L,CPS=250mg/L,C生物炭=90mg/L,t=90min | 降解率94%,表观速率常数0.03min-1,PS与生物炭表面的功能基团相互作用产生反应自由基 | [ | |
TC | BRC | CTC=20mg/L,CBRC-800=1g/L,CPMS=4mmol/L,T=25℃,t=90min | 降解率97.9%,反应速率常数0.03017min-1;H2PO | lO2(主导)、SO | [ |
SDZ | MBC | CSDZ=40mg/L,CMBC=1g/L,CPS=1.5mmol/L,pH=5.16,t=60min | 降解率91.79%,矿化率60%,反应速率常数0.03093min-1;Cu2+增强SDZ的降解,PO | SO | [ |
TC | 玉米秸秆生物炭+Cu2+ | CTC=120mg/L,CPS=300mg/L,CBC700=0.5g/L, | 降解率72.6%,Cl-、NO | SO | [ |
CFX | Fe2O3@LBC | CCFX=10mg/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,CPS=0.1g/L,未调节pH,T=30℃,t=200min | 降解率73.9%,反应速率常数0.0104min-1;催化剂的C—OH在降解过程中起关键作用,Fe3+/Fe2+的转化增强了CFX的降解;对CFX降解有抑制作用的阴离子有H2PO | SO | [ |
SMX | WGBC | CSMX=10mg/L,CWGBC=0.1g/L,CPS=0.1mmol/L,pH<11,t=120min | 降解率99%,石墨碳结构和C== O是WGBC对PS有高效活化能力的关键 | SO | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMX、CIP、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶 | N,S-共掺杂改性炭 | N/S原子比=8.06,C催化剂=0.2g/L,CPS=0.5mmol/L,C抗生素=20mg/L,未调节pH,t=120min | N,S-掺杂炭可活化PS高效降解SMX,活性位点为催化剂表面的吡啶型N、C—OH和噻吩S;SMX降解率接近100%,反应速率常数为0.03671min-1,矿化率为80%;pH=3~9时SMX的降解率较高;对环丙沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶的降解率大于85% | lO2为主要活性氧化物种 | [ |
TC | N,Cu-共掺杂生物炭 | CTC=20mg/L,C催化剂=200mg/L,CPS=2mmol/L,pH=7,t=120min | 降解率100%,反应速率常数为0.0483min-1;N,Cu-掺杂可增强生物炭的催化活性,高浓度Cl-和HCO | OH·、电子转移 | [ |
TCH | N,S-共掺杂多孔炭(SNCs) | CTCH=0.02mmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,CSNCs-700=0.4g/L,pH=3,t=60min | 降解率81.4%,,N,S-掺杂可使炭表面形成点缺陷产生lO2,羰基是促使电子转移的主要活性位点 | lO2、电子转移 | [ |
TC | N-掺杂生物炭(NBCX) | CTC=20mg/L,CPS=2mmol/L,CNBC-800=200mg/L,pH=7,t=120min | 降解率100%;N掺杂促使生物炭的石墨化结构形成,产生更多的活性位点;N含量和热解温度对催化剂的性能有重要影响 | 电子转移 | [ |
NOR | Fe,N-共掺杂生物炭 | CNOR=10mg/L,C催化剂=0.1g/L,CPS=5mmol/L,pH=7,T=25℃,t=40min | 降解率95%,反应速率常数0.208min-1;催化剂经5次循环使用后降解率和矿化率分别为80%和接近50% | OH·(主要自由基)、SO4-·、lO2(主要非自由基) | [ |
表12 杂原子改性炭活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMX、CIP、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶 | N,S-共掺杂改性炭 | N/S原子比=8.06,C催化剂=0.2g/L,CPS=0.5mmol/L,C抗生素=20mg/L,未调节pH,t=120min | N,S-掺杂炭可活化PS高效降解SMX,活性位点为催化剂表面的吡啶型N、C—OH和噻吩S;SMX降解率接近100%,反应速率常数为0.03671min-1,矿化率为80%;pH=3~9时SMX的降解率较高;对环丙沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶的降解率大于85% | lO2为主要活性氧化物种 | [ |
TC | N,Cu-共掺杂生物炭 | CTC=20mg/L,C催化剂=200mg/L,CPS=2mmol/L,pH=7,t=120min | 降解率100%,反应速率常数为0.0483min-1;N,Cu-掺杂可增强生物炭的催化活性,高浓度Cl-和HCO | OH·、电子转移 | [ |
TCH | N,S-共掺杂多孔炭(SNCs) | CTCH=0.02mmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,CSNCs-700=0.4g/L,pH=3,t=60min | 降解率81.4%,,N,S-掺杂可使炭表面形成点缺陷产生lO2,羰基是促使电子转移的主要活性位点 | lO2、电子转移 | [ |
TC | N-掺杂生物炭(NBCX) | CTC=20mg/L,CPS=2mmol/L,CNBC-800=200mg/L,pH=7,t=120min | 降解率100%;N掺杂促使生物炭的石墨化结构形成,产生更多的活性位点;N含量和热解温度对催化剂的性能有重要影响 | 电子转移 | [ |
NOR | Fe,N-共掺杂生物炭 | CNOR=10mg/L,C催化剂=0.1g/L,CPS=5mmol/L,pH=7,T=25℃,t=40min | 降解率95%,反应速率常数0.208min-1;催化剂经5次循环使用后降解率和矿化率分别为80%和接近50% | OH·(主要自由基)、SO4-·、lO2(主要非自由基) | [ |
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH、OTCH | 钴-有机框架材料 | CTCH=20mg/L,COTCH=20mg/L,C催化剂=0.2g/L,CPMS=2g/L,pH=5,T=35℃,t=90min | 降解率88.57%(TCH)、95.7%(OTCH) | SO | [ |
SMX | 铁-有机框架材料[Fe(Nic)、Fe(PyBDC)、Fe(PIP)] | CSMX=0.04mmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,C催化剂=0.5g/L,环境pH,T=30℃,t=180min | SMX降解率>97%,PS分解率>77%;活化能力:Fe(Nic)>Fe(PyBDC)>Fe(PIP);MOFs表面结合的Fe(Ⅱ)是为PS和分子氧提供电子的主要活性位点;SMX的降解路径包括硝化、酰化、羟基化、偶联、键断裂、直接电子传递 | SO | [ |
TC | N掺杂双金属有机框架材料(FeCo/N-MOF) | CTC=50mg/L,CPS=5mmol/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,pH=3~9,T=25℃,t=150min | 降解率99%;FeCo/N-MOF具有六面纺锤体晶型和多孔结构,Fe(Ⅲ)和Co(Ⅱ)为主要活性位点,吡咯N的存在可增强催化性能;HCO | O | [ |
表13 MOFs材料活化过硫酸盐降解抗生素
抗生素 | 活化方式 | (较优)反应条件 | 降解和矿化 | 氧化物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCH、OTCH | 钴-有机框架材料 | CTCH=20mg/L,COTCH=20mg/L,C催化剂=0.2g/L,CPMS=2g/L,pH=5,T=35℃,t=90min | 降解率88.57%(TCH)、95.7%(OTCH) | SO | [ |
SMX | 铁-有机框架材料[Fe(Nic)、Fe(PyBDC)、Fe(PIP)] | CSMX=0.04mmol/L,CPS=2mmol/L,C催化剂=0.5g/L,环境pH,T=30℃,t=180min | SMX降解率>97%,PS分解率>77%;活化能力:Fe(Nic)>Fe(PyBDC)>Fe(PIP);MOFs表面结合的Fe(Ⅱ)是为PS和分子氧提供电子的主要活性位点;SMX的降解路径包括硝化、酰化、羟基化、偶联、键断裂、直接电子传递 | SO | [ |
TC | N掺杂双金属有机框架材料(FeCo/N-MOF) | CTC=50mg/L,CPS=5mmol/L,C催化剂=0.4g/L,pH=3~9,T=25℃,t=150min | 降解率99%;FeCo/N-MOF具有六面纺锤体晶型和多孔结构,Fe(Ⅲ)和Co(Ⅱ)为主要活性位点,吡咯N的存在可增强催化性能;HCO | O | [ |
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