垃圾焚烧系统换热表面的积灰生长与控制研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2095

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

焚烧是我国处理城市生活垃圾的重要方式，能够实现城市生活垃圾的减量化、无害化和资源化利用。由于城市生活垃圾水分高、盐分多、热值低，导致垃圾焚烧炉普遍面临严重的积灰问题，这不仅为垃圾焚烧炉的安全运行带来隐患，还严重影响垃圾焚烧发电厂的经济效益。本文综述了垃圾焚烧炉受热面积灰生长的研究现状，介绍了垃圾焚烧炉受热面积灰生长的机理，分析了飞灰粒径、烟气流速、烟气温度、换热面温度等对垃圾焚烧炉受热面积灰生长特性产生影响的因素。在燃煤锅炉和生物质炉积灰结渣的现有积灰模型基础上，需要结合垃圾炉的积灰实验数据发展可以预测垃圾焚烧炉积灰结渣问题的模型。针对垃圾焚烧炉受热面积灰严重的现象，本文提出了设备改进、工艺优化、使用添加剂和涂层技术抑制积灰生长的一系列方法。最后总结了当前的重点研究内容，提出了建立能够准确预测垃圾焚烧炉积灰生长的模型，开发新的有效减轻垃圾焚烧炉换热面积灰的涂层等今后开展研究的方向，为垃圾焚烧电厂的合理运行提供了参考建议。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧, 积灰结渣, 烧结, 模型, 预测, 涂层技术

Abstract:

MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) is an important way to deal with MSW (municipal solid waste) in China, which can realize the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of MSW. Due to the high water content, high salt content and low calorific value of MSW, MSWIs generally face serious ash deposition which not only brings hidden dangers to the safe operation of waste incinerators, but also seriously affects the economic benefits of waste incineration power plants. This article reviews the current research status of ash deposition on the heat exchange surface, introduces the mechanism of ash deposition, and analyzes the impact of fly ash particle size, flue gas flow rate, flue gas temperature, and heat exchange surface temperature on the MSWI. Based on the existing ash deposition model of coal-fired boilers and biomass furnaces, it is necessary to develop a model that can predict the ash deposition and slagging problems of MSWI. Aiming at the serious problem of ash deposition, a series of methods for equipment improvement, process optimization, and the use of additives and coating technologies to inhibit the growth of ash deposits are proposed. Finally, the current key research contents are summarized, and future research directions are proposed, such as establishing a model that can accurately predict the growth of ash deposition in waste incinerators, and developing new coatings that can effectively reduce ash deposition on the heat exchange surface,which provides reference suggestions for the operation of waste incineration power plants.

Key words: waste incineration, ash deposition and slagging, sintering, model, prediction, coating technology

中图分类号:

X705

蒋旭光, 孟祥飞, 吕国钧. 垃圾焚烧系统换热表面的积灰生长与控制研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 375-385.

JIANG Xuguang, MENG Xiangfei, LYU Guojun. Research status of deposition growth on heat exchange surface of waste incineration system and countermeasures for deposition control[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(S1): 375-385.

图/表 7

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炉型	元素质量分数/%
炉型	Ca	Si	Al	Mg	Fe	Na	K	Cl	C	S	P
流化床	15.76	9.95	6.88	3.71	4.01	4.03	1.67	7.81	7.50	1.22	1.22
炉排炉	39.63	2.95	0.834	1.43	0.855	11.21	5.90	28.17	4.65	2.10	0.339

炉型	元素质量分数/%
炉型	Ca	Si	Al	Mg	Fe	Na	K	Cl	C	S	P
流化床	15.76	9.95	6.88	3.71	4.01	4.03	1.67	7.81	7.50	1.22	1.22
炉排炉	39.63	2.95	0.834	1.43	0.855	11.21	5.90	28.17	4.65	2.10	0.339

文献	涂层类型	效果
张佳凯^［49］	Cr、Ni涂层	对煤与生物质掺烧时的积灰有明显的抑制效果
Wang等^［54］	复合陶瓷涂层	涂层对抑制积灰效果明显，有涂层的表面积灰率下降21%左右
Naganuma等^［55-56］	Ni、Ti涂层	涂层能够有效降低积灰与换热面的粘附力，抑制积灰的产生
刘威^［57］	Ni涂层	具有抑制高碱煤飞灰在换热表面上沉积和结渣能力
王进卿等^［58］	复合陶瓷涂层	对燃煤锅炉受热面积灰抑制作用明显
冯帅等^［59］	Ni涂层	对燃烧高碱煤的锅炉具有抑制积灰的效果

文献	涂层类型	效果
张佳凯^［49］	Cr、Ni涂层	对煤与生物质掺烧时的积灰有明显的抑制效果
Wang等^［54］	复合陶瓷涂层	涂层对抑制积灰效果明显，有涂层的表面积灰率下降21%左右
Naganuma等^［55-56］	Ni、Ti涂层	涂层能够有效降低积灰与换热面的粘附力，抑制积灰的产生
刘威^［57］	Ni涂层	具有抑制高碱煤飞灰在换热表面上沉积和结渣能力
王进卿等^［58］	复合陶瓷涂层	对燃煤锅炉受热面积灰抑制作用明显
冯帅等^［59］	Ni涂层	对燃烧高碱煤的锅炉具有抑制积灰的效果

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