功能性超疏水表面的构建及其应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于具有独特的液体润湿性，超疏水表面在工业生产和日常生活中具有广阔的应用前景，但其单一的超疏水性却难以满足在严苛环境和新兴领域中的使用需求。近年来，将表面超疏水性与自修复性、透明性、导电性等至少一种功能相结合的功能性超疏水表面已成为该领域的研究热点，对于延长其使用寿命并拓宽其在柔性电子、快速融冰融雪等新兴领域中的应用具有重要意义。本文简单介绍了超疏水表面的基本原理，然后综述了近年来功能性超疏水表面的研究进展，具体介绍了可修复、可拉伸、透明、磁性、导电及非对称浸润性的功能性超疏水表面的构建和应用，最后总结了目前该领域存在的一些问题，主要包括功能性有待于改善、制备工艺复杂、成本高、污染环境、耐久性较差等，并指出利用简单环保的方法开发出能够长期使用的功能性超疏水表面将会是该领域未来的主要发展方向，同时要注重推动其实际生产及应用。

关键词: 超疏水, 功能性, 表面, 制备, 发展方向

Abstract:

Due to the unique wettability, superhydrophobic surfaces have wide application prospects in industrial production and daily life. However, the monotonous superhydrophobicity is difficult to meet the application requirements in some harsh environments and emerging fields. In recent years, functional superhydrophobic surfaces combining superhydrophobicity with at least one kind of function such as repairability, transparency and electrical conductivity have become a research hotspot in this field. The research of functional superhydrophobic surfaces is of great significance in effectively prolonging service life and broadening application range in the emerging fields such as flexible electronics and quick deicing. In this paper, the basic theory of superhydrophobic surfaces was firstly introduced. Then, the research progress of functional superhydrophobic surfaces in recent years was reviewed, including the construction and application of functional superhydrophobic surfaces with repairability, stretchability, transparency, magnetism, electrical conductivity and asymmetric wettability. Finally, the existing problems in this field were summarized, including imperfect functionality, complex preparation process, high cost, environmental pollution and poor durability. It was pointed out that using simple and environmental method to develop functional superhydrophobic surfaces with long term usability would be the main development direction in the future. Meanwhile, attention should also be paid to promote the actual production and application of functional superhydrophobic surfaces.

Key words: superhydrophobic, functional, surface, preparation, development direction

中图分类号:

TB34

郑龙珠, 苏晓竞, 李红强, 官航, 古孜努尔·阿巴白克力null, 冯海洋, 韦业, 赖学军, 曾幸荣. 功能性超疏水表面的构建及其应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2634-2645.

ZHENG Longzhu, SU Xiaojing, LI Hongqiang, GUAN Hang, GUZINUER Ababaikeli, FENG Haiyang, WEI Ye, LAI Xuejun, ZENG Xingrong. Progress in construction and application of functional superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2634-2645.

图/表 9

图1 超疏水表面的经典模型[12-13]

图2 自修复超疏水气凝胶的制备及修复[22]

图3 可拉伸超疏水纤维膜的制备示意图和不同拉伸应变下的SEM图[28]

图4 透明超疏水玻璃的表面形貌、静态接触角和透光性[33]

图5 Janus HAR-HMMA的制备和表面接触角转变[43]

图6 超疏水CNT/TPE膜的制备、表面润湿性和形貌变化SEM图[47]

图7 DBSH和Janus微型船经过瀑布的航行过程[54]

图8 超疏水齿轮的制备和工作[62]

图9 超疏水超疏油结构的制备[65]

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