污水处理厂运行工况对温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2565

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

市政污水处理厂是城市的重要基础设施之一，其因在运行过程中产生大量的CO₂、CH₄和N₂O等气体而被视为温室气体（GHGs）的重要来源之一，同时又因其减排潜力较大，引起了各界学者的广泛关注。GHGs减排需求正推动着污水处理厂朝着优化核心运行参数及资源能源回收的低碳方向发展。本文简述了污水处理厂中GHGs直接排放的主要环节和产生机理以及目前常用核算方法中存在的主要问题，并总结了污水处理厂运行工况的变化，包括温度、pH、进水C/N、污泥停留时间（SRT）、亚硝酸盐浓度、溶解氧（DO）浓度对其直接排放的GHGs的影响。分析表明进水C/N、DO浓度、pH和亚硝酸盐浓度对GHGs的排放影响较为明显且它们的变化更易于进行人为干预，人为减排潜力较大。最后总结了目前已有相关研究存在的主要问题以及对未来研究方向的展望，以期为污水处理厂优化运行工况和GHGs减排提供参考。

关键词: 温室气体, 整体优化, 废水处理, 运行工况, IPCC核算模型, 减排

Abstract:

The sewage treatment plants are one of the important infrastructures of the cities. They are regarded as one of the important sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to the mass production of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O and other gases during the operation. It has attracted widespread attention from scholars because of the great potential for emission reduction. The demand for GHGs emission reduction is driving the development of sewage treatment plants in a low-carbon direction that optimizes core operating parameters and resource and energy recovery. The main paths of GHGs generation, the main problems in present methodologies were described and the changes of different operating conditions of sewage treatment plants on their direct GHGs emissions were summarized. The analysis showed that the influent C/N, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, pH and nitrite concentration had obvious impacts on GHGs emissions, and these parameters are easier to be adjusted. Finally, the main problems existing in the relevant research and the prospects of the future research direction were summarized and prospected in order to provide a reference for the optimization of the operating conditions and GHGs emission reduction of the sewage treatment plants.

Key words: greenhouse gases, overall optimization, sewage treatment, operating parameters, IPCC account model, emission reduction

中图分类号:

李东梅, 吴丹萍, 吴敏, 潘波. 污水处理厂运行工况对温室气体排放的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6897-6906.

LI Dongmei, WU Danping, WU Min, PAN Bo. Influence of operating parameters on greenhouse gas emission of sewage treatment plants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6897-6906.

图/表 2

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主体工艺	进水氮含量/mg·L^-1	排放因子（EF）	参考文献
活性污泥法（AS）	—	0.001	［54］
硝化反硝化	TKN=1265±41（污泥上清液）	0.017	［42］
厌氧氨氧化	TKN=1265±41（污泥上清液）	0.006	［42］
缺氧好氧工艺法（AO）	TN=50～70；NH₄-N=40～60	0.0137	［56］
序批式活性污泥法（SBR）		0.0269
氧化沟（OD）		0.0025
传统SBR	NH₄-N=31	0.069±0.002	［55］
改良SBR	NH₄-N=31	0.040±0.003	［55］
两段推流式	TKN=64±6.5；NH₄-N=47.4±3.5	0.019±0.0025	［52］
SBR	TN=69±4.5；NH₄-N=38.7±2.1	0.068	［57］
AS（日本）	NH₄-N=26.5、29	0.0014（DO：2.5～3mg·L^-1）	［51］
AS（日本）	NH₄-N=26.5、29	0.0003（DO：1.5～2mg·L^-1）	［51］
AS（巴西）	NH₄-N=27.5±7.1	0.001	［53］

主体工艺	进水氮含量/mg·L^-1	排放因子（EF）	参考文献
活性污泥法（AS）	—	0.001	［54］
硝化反硝化	TKN=1265±41（污泥上清液）	0.017	［42］
厌氧氨氧化	TKN=1265±41（污泥上清液）	0.006	［42］
缺氧好氧工艺法（AO）	TN=50～70；NH₄-N=40～60	0.0137	［56］
序批式活性污泥法（SBR）		0.0269
氧化沟（OD）		0.0025
传统SBR	NH₄-N=31	0.069±0.002	［55］
改良SBR	NH₄-N=31	0.040±0.003	［55］
两段推流式	TKN=64±6.5；NH₄-N=47.4±3.5	0.019±0.0025	［52］
SBR	TN=69±4.5；NH₄-N=38.7±2.1	0.068	［57］
AS（日本）	NH₄-N=26.5、29	0.0014（DO：2.5～3mg·L^-1）	［51］
AS（日本）	NH₄-N=26.5、29	0.0003（DO：1.5～2mg·L^-1）	［51］
AS（巴西）	NH₄-N=27.5±7.1	0.001	［53］

运行参数变化情况	CO₂	CH₄	N₂O	变化范围	参考文献
温度升高	无明显变化	增加	降低	温度变化通过季节来体现	［27］
	—	—	增加	10～30℃	［58-59］
	增加	增加	增加	—	［60］
pH升高	—	无明显变化	增加	7.5～8.5	［61］
	—	—	增加	6～9	［62］
进水C/N增加	—	增加	降低	Q_carb：0、5m³·d^-1、10m³·d^-1	［63］
	无明显变化	降低	降低	7.5～10	［64］
	降低	增加	降低	1.5～7.5	［50］
污泥龄增加	略有增加	降低	略有降低	13～42d	［64］
	—	—	降低	6～18d	［50］
	—	增加	降低	12d、18d	［63］
亚硝酸盐浓度增加	—	降低	增加	20～140mg·L^-1	［45］
	—	—	增加	0～10mg·L^-1	［65］
	—	降低	增加	40mg·L^-1、80mg·L^-1、120mg·L^-1	［66］
溶解氧浓度增加	—	降低	降低	0～4.5mg·L^-1	［61］
	—	降低	降低	—	［42］
	—	降低	降低	1mg·L^-1、2mg·L^-1、3mg·L^-1	［63］

运行参数变化情况	CO₂	CH₄	N₂O	变化范围	参考文献
温度升高	无明显变化	增加	降低	温度变化通过季节来体现	［27］
	—	—	增加	10～30℃	［58-59］
	增加	增加	增加	—	［60］
pH升高	—	无明显变化	增加	7.5～8.5	［61］
	—	—	增加	6～9	［62］
进水C/N增加	—	增加	降低	Q_carb：0、5m³·d^-1、10m³·d^-1	［63］
	无明显变化	降低	降低	7.5～10	［64］
	降低	增加	降低	1.5～7.5	［50］
污泥龄增加	略有增加	降低	略有降低	13～42d	［64］
	—	—	降低	6～18d	［50］
	—	增加	降低	12d、18d	［63］
亚硝酸盐浓度增加	—	降低	增加	20～140mg·L^-1	［45］
	—	—	增加	0～10mg·L^-1	［65］
	—	降低	增加	40mg·L^-1、80mg·L^-1、120mg·L^-1	［66］
溶解氧浓度增加	—	降低	降低	0～4.5mg·L^-1	［61］
	—	降低	降低	—	［42］
	—	降低	降低	1mg·L^-1、2mg·L^-1、3mg·L^-1	［63］

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