FCC废催化剂金属形态特征及其生态风险评价

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0451

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在评价不同炼化装置FCC废催化剂的金属含量、赋存形态特征及生态风险。本文采集了5种不同炼化厂的FCC废催化剂，分别测定了每种废催化剂Fe、Al、Ni、V、Sb和Co等6种金属的总含量和4种赋存形态含量，采用风险评价编码指数（RAC）、原生相与次生相比值（RSP）及结合强度系数（I_R）评价了5种FCC废催化剂各类金属的潜在生态风险。结果表明，不同废催化剂样品间的金属总含量差别较大，受试样品中金属总含量均未达到《危险废物鉴别标准》的限值，且除部分废催化剂的金属V和Sb外，其他金属含量指标均可达到二类建设用地的土壤环境质量标准；5种FCC废催化剂中各类金属的4种赋存形态中，可还原态在金属V中的占比最高，其他金属均以残渣态为主要成分；5种FCC废催化剂中金属V的RSP值较高，I_R值较低，具有较高的潜在生态风险，其他5种金属的潜在生态风险低。

关键词: 催化剂, FCC废催化剂, 金属赋存形态, 环境, 污染, 生态风险

Abstract:

The total contents, fractionation characteristics and ecological risks of metals in five kinds FCC spent catalysts from different refineries were evaluated. The total contents and four fractionation contents of Fe, Al, Ni, V, Sb, and Co of each FCC spent catalyst were measured. The ecological risks of the 5 FCC spent catalysts were assessed by means of risk assessment code (RAC), ratio of secondary phase and primary phase (RSP) and reduced partition index (I_R). Results showed that the total contents of the metals between different samples varied greatly, but they all did not exceed the limit of the “Identification standards for hazardous wastes”. With the exceptions of V and Sb in some FCC spent catalysts, most metal content indexes reached the soil environmental quality standards for the second-class land for construction. The oxidizable fraction had the highest proportion in vanadium, and other metals were mainly composed of residual fraction. The RSP values of vanadium in all the FCC spent catalysts were very high and the I_R values were low. So, vanadium in the 5 FCC spent catalysts had high ecological risk potential, while the Fe, Al, Ni, Sb, and Co were of low ecological risks.

Key words: catalyst, spent FCC catalyst, metal fractionation characteristic, environment, pollution, ecological risk

中图分类号:

TQ426.8

王曰杰, 李玲玲. FCC废催化剂金属形态特征及其生态风险评价[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 542-549.

Yuejie WANG, Lingling LI. Fractionation characteristics and ecological risk evaluation of metals in FCC spent catalysts[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 542-549.

图/表 8

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RAC/%	RSP	风险等级/污染等级
RAC＜1	RSP＜1	无风险/无污染
1≤RAC＜10	1≤RSP＜2	低风险/轻度污染
10≤RAC＜30	2≤RSP＜3	中等风险/中度污染
30≤RAC＜50	RSP≥3	高风险/重度污染
RAC≥50	RSP≥3	极高风险

RAC/%	RSP	风险等级/污染等级
RAC＜1	RSP＜1	无风险/无污染
1≤RAC＜10	1≤RSP＜2	低风险/轻度污染
10≤RAC＜30	2≤RSP＜3	中等风险/中度污染
30≤RAC＜50	RSP≥3	高风险/重度污染
RAC≥50	RSP≥3	极高风险

金属	QD	HD	Qi	Hai	Ji
Fe	3.285±0.079^a	2.856±0.075^b	1.576±0.055^d	2.389±0.010^c	3.282±0.027^a
Al	199.32±17.82^a	139.15±8.48^d	169.15±7.03^b	164.91±15.16^bc	154.01±6.80^bc
Ni	0.535±0.006^c	0.083±0.002^d	0.541±0.021^c	0.591±0.008^b	0.750±0.023^a
V	0.640±0.075^b	0.190±0.008^c	0.542±0.064^b	1.886±0.374^a	2.458±0.461^a
Sb	0.204±0.043^b	0.008±0.001^c	0.005±0.001^c	0.371±0.031^a	0.379±0.023^a
Co	0.041±0.002^a	0.004±0.000^e	0.008±0.001^d	0.011±0.001^c	0.035±0.001^b

金属	QD	HD	Qi	Hai	Ji
Fe	3.285±0.079^a	2.856±0.075^b	1.576±0.055^d	2.389±0.010^c	3.282±0.027^a
Al	199.32±17.82^a	139.15±8.48^d	169.15±7.03^b	164.91±15.16^bc	154.01±6.80^bc
Ni	0.535±0.006^c	0.083±0.002^d	0.541±0.021^c	0.591±0.008^b	0.750±0.023^a
V	0.640±0.075^b	0.190±0.008^c	0.542±0.064^b	1.886±0.374^a	2.458±0.461^a
Sb	0.204±0.043^b	0.008±0.001^c	0.005±0.001^c	0.371±0.031^a	0.379±0.023^a
Co	0.041±0.002^a	0.004±0.000^e	0.008±0.001^d	0.011±0.001^c	0.035±0.001^b

FCC废催化剂来源	金属含量/mg·g^-1						文献
FCC废催化剂来源	Fe	Al	Ni	V	Sb	Co	文献
新加坡炼油公司	5.6	175	2.6	3.9	0.3		[15]
安庆石化	4.0		3.4	1.4			[16]
岳阳某化工厂		314.9	6.75				[17]
中国石化某炼油厂	1.8~4.2	205.5~235.1	1.4~3.1	1.5~2.5			[4]
意大利某化工厂	3.3	173.5	0.2				[18]
中国石化长岭炼化公司			9.8	0.4		2.2	[19]
岳阳众和化工有限公司	6.6	252	8.6	2.7			[20]